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1、高中英语新课标必修五unit 1 知识点 Great scientists一、知识点1. Which scie ntist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that heips them float?哪位科学家发现了水里的东西被帮助以浮动的力举起？in water定语，修饰objects, a force之后又跟了个that引导的定语从句。lift up拿起，举起，升起He lift up his little so n, and moun ted him on the horse. 他把小儿子举起来，让他骑在
2、马背上。To call back the boy from a dista nee, the father had to lift up his voice. 为了把儿子从远处叫回来，父亲不得不提高嗓 子喊。2. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from pare nts to their childre n? 谁用豌豆显示了身体 特征是如何从父母传延到孩子的？A characteristic of the camel is its ability to live for a long time wit
3、hout water.骆驼的特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。with his characteristic enthusiasm 以他特有的热忱The letter passed from one to ano ther un til every one had read it. 那圭寸信逐一传阅，直至 U每个人都看过为止。According to her will, when the old lady dies, her money will pass to her grandson.根据老太太的遗瞩，她去世时，她的钱将遗留给她的孙子。3. Who put forward a theory ab
4、out black holes? 谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？put forward提出建议，拨快（钟等）They put forward some new ideas on the subject.他们对这个问题提出了一些新的见解。put的常用词组有：put aside节省（钱、时间）；储蓄；把放在一边put away储存（钱）；放好put back拨慢；搁置 put down放下；记下；击败；使（飞机）着陆；put off延期；推迟 put on上演；穿上；戴上 put out熄灭；关掉；扑灭 put through接通电话；完成put up with 忍受；忍耐 put into actio
5、n/effect/practice 实施；实行4. What do you know about in fectious diseases such as cholera?关于传染病你了解什么，比如霍乱？Colds are infectious, and so are some eye diseases.感冒是传染的,有些眼病也是传染的。Its more useful to learn modern Ianguages, such as English and German. 学习英语和德语等现代语言有用。5. so famous, in deed, that he atte nded Que
6、e n Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女皇的私人医生Which doctor is atte ndi ng you? 哪一个医生为你看病 ？attend a meeting lecture出席会议听演讲，听课attend a wedding a funeral参加婚礼葬礼attend school church上学教堂ease用作动词，意思是“减轻；消除；舒缓；放松”，表示消除某人的痛苦时用结构“ease sb. of sth”；也可以用作名词，意为“舒适；自在；不拘束；容易” 。These pills w
7、ill ease the headache.这些药丸会减轻头疼。Walki ng helped to ease him of his pai n.他散了散步减轻了一些痛苦。Her words gave ease to my distracted mind. 我心神不宁，她的话使我宽心。ease作名词时的常见搭配：at ease放松；自如；不拘束 be/feel at ease感到舒适ill at ease不自在；感到拘束put/set sb. at one s ease使某人感到舒适、不拘束 with ease容易地；无困难地The doctor gave him some pa in kil
8、lers to ease the pai n.医生给了他一些止疼片以减缓疼痛。I dont feel at ease in the stra nge place.在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。6. people exposed to cholera.得了霍乱的老百姓是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰people。相当于定语从句which were exposed to cholera。expose的意思是“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常与介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”的意思。The soil was washed away by the flood, expos i
9、ng bare rock.泥土被洪水冲走，露出光秃秃的石头。The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.婴儿被弃于风雨之中。The soldiers in the open field are exposed to the enemy s fire. 空地里的士兵暴露于敌人的火力之下。7. the most deadly disease in its day.在当时是最致命的疾病deadly adj.致命的，势不两立的，死一般的，极度的，必定的adv.如死一般地，极度地；非常地Fog is the sailors deadly enemy.雾是
10、航海者最致命的敌人。deadly serious.极其严重8. So many thousa nds of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每当（疾病）突发时，总有成千的人 死去。本句是一个复合句，every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，意思是“每当” ，相当于“ when”。另外，此状语从句中还有一个“ there be”结构。类似用法的副词和短语有“ directly （一就）immediately （就），in sta ntly （就），the mi nute（就） ，the moment （就） ，t
11、he second（一就） ，each （every） time （每当），next time （下次时），thelasttime （上次时）等。She went to see him directly she got the letter.她一收到信就去他了。Immediately the meal was over，he switched on the radio.饭一吃完他就把收音机打开。She came to the scene the mome nt she heard of the accide nt她一听说发生了事故，就立刻到现场来了。The last time we talke
12、d he said he needed ano ther two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。9. The sec ond suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。I suggest that you did not catch the 8 oclock train，but that you caught the 8.25 train.你没有搭 8 点钟的火车，而是搭的8点25分的车。He suggested go
13、ing out for a walk.= He suggested that we （should）go out for a walk.他建议出去走走。absorb的意思是“吸收；吸引；使专心；合并；吞并” ，常用be absorbed in sth.表示“专心于某事”。Clever children absorb knowledge easily.聪明孩子容易吸收知识。Aspiri n is quickly absorbed by /i nto the body.阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了。He is absorbed in his bus in ess.他专心致志的处理业务。be absor
14、bed by被吞并；为所吸收 absorbinto吞并；吸到absorb one s attention吸弓I某人注意 absorb one s time占用某人的时间10. the affected person 患者 be affected by heat cold中暑着凉He was deeply affected by my words. 他听了我的话很受感动。11. So whe n ano ther outbreak hit Lon don in 1854, John Snow was ready to test these two theories.因此，在 1854 年伦敦 再
15、次爆发霍乱的时候，约翰斯诺着手准备对此进行调研。be ready to do sth乐于做，准备做We were all hit by the depression.我们都受到了不景气的影响。Price in creases hit everyo nes pocket.物价上涨冲击了每个人的钱袋。Strike waves hit several Western European countries.罢工的浪潮袭击了好几个西欧国家。12. the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.霍乱流行得很严重，在10 天 之内就死去了 500多人。severe用作形容词，当它的意思为“严重的；严肃的”时，和serious相近；当它的意思为“严厉的；严格的”时，与strict相近，常用结构 be severe on（upon）/with sb.表示“对某人严厉或严格”；此外它还有“剧烈的；尖锐 的；朴素的”的意思。The drought is becoming increasingly severe. 旱灾日趋严重。He is severe with his childre n.
