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1、.【1】Insurance is the sharing of _(1). Nearly everyone is exposed _(2) of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his _(3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by _(4) and _(5) his family in poverty. On the
2、other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. If these persons each put a _(6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to _(7) the needs of the few who do suffer _(8). In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the _(9). This is the ba
3、sis of _(10). Those who pay the contributions are known as _(11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer.The _(12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested _(13) past experience. If the panies fix their premiums too _(14), there will be m
4、ore petition in their branch of insurance and they may lose _(15). On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have _(16) and may even have to drop out _(17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and _(18) keep premiums at a proper _(19) to both insurers and those who _(
5、20) insurance.【2】Motivation is “the driving force within individuals that impels them to action. And goals are the sought-after results _(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be eitherpositive or negative _(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _(3) a driving for
6、ce away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away _(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives _(5) needs, wants or desires, _(6) negative drives as fears or aversions. _(7
7、), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically _(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in _(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior. _(10) this reason, researchers often refer _(11) both kinds of drives of
8、 motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward _(13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoid
9、ance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refers to _(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain _(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and _
10、(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin _(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams. _(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal attractiveness; in the _(20) case, she uses face creams
11、 to help avoid a negative goal wrinkled skin.【3】A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not _(1) true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two _(2) to bee a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for _(3); second, knowledge of the field in which h
12、e or she will _(4). The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write _(5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the _(6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest _(7) and munication hardware and software.Dose a born and bred bil
13、ingual _(8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in _(9) There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important. _(10), a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing _(11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what _(1
14、2) known as a lingualism, a state in which a person lacks _(13) full, fluent mand of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals _(14) dont know the culture of the target language well enough to _(15) top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language _(16) its cult
15、ure need to be treated with particular care, as they _(17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often _(18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.On _(19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the same in-depth _(20) of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired
