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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题All of the international delegates attending the conference（ ） to bring a souvenir from their own countries.问题1选项A.has askedB.is askingC.were askedD.was asking【答案】C【解析】本句主语为“delegates”，所以谓语动词应为复数形式。选项C正确。2. 单选题During her two-week stay in Beijing, Elizabeth nev
2、er（ ） a chrome (chance) to practice her Chinese.问题1选项A.passed byB.passed onC.passed outD.passed up【答案】D【解析】pass by经过，走过；pass on去世，传递；pass out昏倒，失去知觉；pass up拒绝，错过。pass up a chance to do sth.错过或放弃做某事的机会。句意：在北京逗留的两周中，Elizabeth从未错过任何一个练习汉语的机会。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题All workers, regardless of their sex and educat
3、ion, are required to （ ）at the age of 60.问题1选项A.resignB.retireC.regainD.retain【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指退休，只有选项B符合要求。4. 单选题Who would have thought we would become a planet of “ologies”？ Theres biology, psychology, herpetology, etymology, and geology just to name a few. However, one “ology” truly help
4、s us to understand the most part of our planet, our environment. Ecology (which is filled with ecologists) is the study of ecosystems and the beings and organisms that inhabit those ecosystems. Just think, in condition of bees, deer and other organisms, you are important to ecologists.Ecosystems are
5、 communities that vary in size and location. They can be as small as a patch of glass or as large as the entire biosphere. The many varieties of plants and animals that exist in our planet ecosystems are important to our ecosystems. Plants in particular provide oxygen and nutrients all organisms nee
6、d to survive. These producers have the ability to use the suns energy to produce food (think photosynthesis). This is where the animals and consumers become important. The animals get their energy by eating the plants and other organisms within the ecosystem. Without the producers and consumers, dec
7、omposers would not have a job. As you may have guests, decomposers, like bacteria, step in broken down, the organic materials are absorbed by the soil and gases are sent back into our atmosphere. The whole process is ready to start again through the Earths natural cycles. There has to be a balance o
8、f producers, consumers, decomposers in order to remain a balanced ecosystem.Remember, all organisms need matter and energy to survive. An ecosystem is balanced when matter and energy move efficiently through those ecosystems. Just as your backpack has a limit on the number of huge textbooks it can c
9、arry at any given time, all ecosystems have a limit on the populations they can maintain. Carrying capacity is the largest population an ecosystem can support at any particular time. The support of this population depends on the amount of resources (matter and energy) that are available and the move
10、ment of those resources within that ecosystem. If energy and matter are moving efficiently through an ecosystem, then the current population of plants and animals has not reached beyond the ecosystems carrying capacity. Once resources dwindle or animal populations increase dramatically, the ecosyste
11、m may not be able to support those populations. Fortunately, nature has three ways to control the balance of ecosystems: ecological responses to change, energy transfer, and food chains and food webs.1.The purpose of starting the article with the word-ending “ology” ( Line 1, Paragraph 1) is（ ）.2.Ac
12、cording to this article, the ecosystems（ ）.3.According to the article, the word “producers” (Line 3, Paragraph 2) refers to（ ）.4.We can infer from the article that in the ecosystem the job for the “decomposer”( Lines6, Paragraph 2) is to（ ）.5.According to the article,（ ）has three ways to control the
13、 balance of the ecosystems.问题1选项A.to trace the origin of “ology”B.to give an example for the meaning of “ology”C.to introduce the term “ecology”D.to illustrate the importance of balancing the ecosystems问题2选项A.are in danger of being destroyedB.are very small in sizeC.refer only to the entire biospher
14、eD.vary greatly in size and location问题3选项A.plantsB.animalsC.ecologistsD.consumers问题4选项A.absorb the suns energyB.produce oxygen and nutrientsC.break down the dung and the remains of dead organD.eat the plants and animals问题5选项A.human beingsB.the environmentC.animals and plantsD.nature【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题
15、:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据原文可知，作者之所以用后缀“ology”开始文章，目的在于引出本文的主题：生态学。选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“Ecosystems are communities that vary in size and location.”生态系统是大小和位置不同的群体，选项D与原文表述一致。3.词义推断题。结合上下文及句意可知，“producers”即上句提及的“Plants”。选项A正确。4.信息推断题。根据第二段的倒数第三句“分解者，如细菌，进入分解，有机物质被土壤吸收，气体被送回我们的大气层。”选项C动物的粪便和残骸均属于有机物，所以正确。5.事实细节题。根据最后一段最后一句“nature has three ways to control the balance of ecosystems.”可知选项D正确。5. 单选题Britains hope of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered（ ） yesterday, when Hunter failed
