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1、2022年考博英语-外交学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题She didnt（ ）matters; she just told him he was useless.问题1选项A.worsenB.complicateC.decideD.mince【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项worsen“更坏的；更差的；更糟，更坏”；B选项complicate“使复杂化；使恶化；使卷入”；C选项decide“决定；解决；判决；决定，下决心”；D选项mince“切碎；矫揉造作地说；装腔作势；碎步走”。句意：她没有把事情复杂化；她只是说他没用。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题I tried in
2、 vain to（ ）the man the slip.问题1选项A.giveB.omitC.offerD.serve【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项give“给；产生；让步；举办；授予”；B选项omit“省略；遗漏；删除；疏忽；没做”；C选项offer“提供；出价；试图；意图；录取通知书”；D选项serve“招待，供应；为服务；对有用；可作用”。根据固定搭配give somebody the slip“趁某人不备时溜掉”可知该题选give。句意：我试图甩掉那个人，但没有成功。因此A选项正确。3. 单选题You are now（ ）the benefit of your former
3、 thrift.问题1选项A.reapingB.drawingC.enjoyingD.gaining【答案】D【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项reaping“收获，获得；收割”；B选项drawing “画；拉；吸引”；C选项enjoying“欣赏，享受；喜爱；使过得快活”；D选项gaining“增加；利润；收获；获得；赚到”。根据固定搭配gain the benefit“得到益处/好处”可知该题选gaining。句意：你现在正受益于你以前的节俭。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题The senator was accused of waffling on major issues.问题1选项A.va
4、guingB.stiffeningC.vacillatingD.reshuffling【答案】A【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项vaguing“模糊的，含糊的，不明确的，暧昧的”；B选项stiffening“变硬，（使）变粘稠”；C选项vacillating“踌躇的，摇摆的”；D选项reshuffling“重新安排，重新排序”。句意：这位参议员被指责在重大问题上含糊其辞。Waffling“优柔寡断的，模糊不清的”，A选项与该词意思最相近，因此A选项正确。5. 单选题This company has now introduced a policy（ ）pay rises are related
5、 to performances at work.问题1选项A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.what【答案】B【解析】考查引导词辨析。从语义上分析，后半句应是修饰policy的一个定语从句。 which不可以用来引导该定语从句，因为which总要在从句中充当一定的成分。whether与what不引导定语从句。where相当于in which。当然，与where相比，在从句中我们更常用whereby 来充当关系代词。句意：这家公司现在实行一项新工资政策，加薪与绩效挂钩。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题Ozone is a bluish gas that is harmful to
6、breathe. Nearly 90% of the Earths ozone is in the stratosphere and is referred to as the ozone layer. Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation called UVB that is particularly harmful to living organisms. Stratospheric ozone is constantly being created and destroyed through natural cycles. Vario
7、us ozone depleting substances however, accelerate the destruction processes, resulting in lower than normal ozone levels. Reductions in ozone levels will lead to higher levels of UVB reaching the Earths surface. The suns output of UVB does not change; rather, less ozone means less protection, and he
8、nce more UVB reaches the Earth. Studies have shown that in the Antarctic, the amount of UVB measured at the surface can double during the annual ozone hole. Laboratory and epidemiological studies demonstrate that UVB causes non melanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in malignant melanoma develo
9、pment. In addition, UVB has been linked to cataracts.Dramatic loss of ozone in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica was first noticed in the 1970s by a research group from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) who were monitoring the atmosphere above Antarctica from a research station. Folklore has i
10、t that when the first measurements were taken in 1975, the drop in ozone levels in the stratosphere was so dramatic that at first the scientists thought their instruments were faulty. Replacement instruments were built and flown out and it wasnt until they confirmed the earlier measurements, several
11、 months later, that the ozone depletion observed was accepted as genuine. Another story goes that the BAS satellite data didnt show the dramatic loss of ozone because the software processing the raw ozone data from the satellite was programmed to treat very low values of ozone as bad readings. Later
12、 analysis of the raw data when the results from the British Antarctic Survey team were published, confirmed their results and showed that the loss was rapid and large-scale; over most of the Antarctica continent.Ozone occurs naturally in the atmosphere. The earths atmosphere is composed of several l
13、ayers. We live in the Troposphere, ground level up to about 10km high, where most of the weather occurs such / as rain, snow and clouds. Above that is the Stratosphere, an important region in which effects such as the Ozone Hole and Global Warming originate. The layer next to space is the Exosphere
14、and then going inwards there are the Thermosphere and the Mesosphere. Supersonic passenger jets fly just above the troposphere whereas subsonic commercial airliners are usually well in the troposphere. The narrow region between these two parts of the atmosphere is called the Tropopause. Ozone forms
15、a layer in the stratosphere, thinnest in the tropics and denser towards the poles. The amount of ozone above a point on the earths surface is measured in Dobson units (DU)typically 260 DU near the tropics and higher elsewhere, though there are large seasonal fluctuations. It is created when ultraviolet radiation in the form of sunlight strikes the stratosphere, splitting oxygen molecules to atomic oxygen. The atomic oxygen quickly combines with further oxygen molecules to form ozone.The Ozone Hole of ten gets confused in the popular press and by
