《2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前模拟强化练习题90（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前模拟强化练习题90（附答案详解）（73页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The geology of the Earths surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modif
2、ying the face of the Earth.Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, st
3、reams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward
4、the reference point that is sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirsatmosphe
5、re, continent, and oceanwe see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrospher
6、e but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and sil
7、icon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical
8、erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.1.According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water （ ） .2.The passage suggests that the purpose of the hydrographic network is to （ ） .3.What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through
9、 the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?4.All of the following are examples of soluble ions EXCEPT（ ） .问题1选项A.precipitating onto the groundB.changing from a solid to a liquid stateC.evaporating from the oceansD.being carried by wind问题2选项A.determine the size of molecules of waterB.prevent soi
10、l erosion caused by floodingC.move water from the Earths surface to the oceansD.regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers问题3选项A.The potential energy contained in water.B.The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds.C.The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents.D.Th
11、e relative size of the water storage areas.问题4选项A.magnesiumB.ironC.potassiumD.calcium.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】1. According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water _. 1. 根据这篇文章，云主要由水_而形成。A. precipitating onto the ground A. 沉淀到地面上B. changing from a solid to a liquid state
12、B. 从固态变为液态C. evaporating from the oceans C. 从海洋中蒸发D. being carried by wind D. 被风携带【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】从第二段第一句“水蒸气从海洋蒸发后形成云（Evaporated from the oceans），其中一些被风吹过大陆”理解可知，云主要是由水蒸气从海洋蒸发而形成的，C项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“沉淀到地面上”和B项“从固态变为液态”形成的是小溪和河流等，属于张冠李戴；D项“被风携带”，根据解题思路可知，被风携带的是云，并不是水，属于曲解原文。第2题:2.【选项释义】2. The passage s
13、uggests that the purpose of the hydrographic network is to _. 2. 这篇文章表明，水文网络的目的是_。A. determine the size of molecules of water A. 确定水分子的大小B. prevent soil erosion caused by flooding B. 防止洪水造成的土壤侵蚀C. move water from the Earths surface to the oceans C. 将水从地球表面输送到海洋D. regulate the rate of water flow from
14、 streams and rivers D. 调节小溪和河流的水流速率【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据关键词hydrographic network定位至第二段第三和第四句“水沉淀到地面上，涓滴而下形成小溪和河流，构成了所谓的水文网络。这个巨大的极化网络把水引向一个容器：海洋。”，综合理解可知，水文网络的目的是将水输送到海洋里面去，C项符合原文，因此正确。【干扰项排除】A项“确定水分子的大小”、B项“防止洪水造成的土壤侵蚀”和D项“调节小溪和河流的水流速率”在原文没有提及，属于无中生有。第3题:3.【选项释义】3. What determines the rate at which a
15、molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph? 3. 如第三段所讨论的，是什么决定了水分子在循环中移动的速率？A. The potential energy contained in water. A. 水中所含的势能。B. The effects of atmospheric pressure on chemical compounds. B. 大气压力对化合物的影响。C. The amounts of rainfall that fall on the continents. C. 降落在各大洲的降雨量。D. The relative size of the water storage areas. D. 蓄水面积的相对大小。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第三段，根据第一句“水分子通过循环的速率不是随机的，而是能测出各个蓄水区的相对大小”，以及倒数第二句“一个水分子在大气中平均停留11天，在大陆上停留100年，在海洋中停留4万年”，综合理解可知，水分子循环的速率是取决于蓄水区的相对大小，所以D项“蓄水面积的相对大小”符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A项“水中所含的势能”与重
