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1、动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较一, 作主语1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1) 把不定式置于句首如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2) 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中如： lt+be+ 名词 +to doIts our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work It+be+
2、 形容词 +for sb +to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. It+be+ 形容词 +of sb +to doIt is stupid of you to write dow n everyth ing the teacher says. It seems(appears)+ 形容词 +to doIt seemed impossible to save mon ey.在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如:difficult, easy, hard, im
3、portant, impossible,necessary等;在句型中,常用 careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy,nice, right, silly, stupid, wise 等 表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do 句式，如:Its kind of you to help me withmy En glish.=You are kind to help me with my En glish.2动名词作主语Lear ning without practi
4、ce is no good.动名词作主语时，也常用It句式.如： Its +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing Its no good readi ng in dim light.Its no use sitting here waiting. Its+形容词+do ingIts dan gerous swim ming in the sea in windy days.这样用的形容词有 expensive, nice, tiring 等,但important, necessary贝U不适用于这种结构，应用不定式 代替
5、,如:Its important for you to keep fit. There is no + doingThere is no say ing what will happe n n ext.在这一结构中，动名词后常带宾语，相当于Its impossible to结构3动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经 常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如：Its no good eating too much fat.Its no good for you to eat so much fat. 动名词结
6、构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语如：Its no use your prete nding that you did nt know the rules.二, 作宾语1. 不定式作宾语 以下动词后 ,只能跟不定式作宾语 .女口:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide,dema nd, expect, fail , help, hope, lea n, long, man age, offer, pla n, prepare, prete nd, promise, refuse, wish等,这些词大部分可接 that引导的从句.如：I de
7、cided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即: 主语+动 词+it+补语+to do 句式.如:We
8、think it quite importa nt for us to lear n a foreig n Ian guage well.He feels it his duty to help the poor. 介词 but, except, besides +to do(do)在这种句型中，如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式；如无do,则接to不定式,即带 do不带to,带to不带do.如：The en emy soldiers had no choice but to give in.On Sun day after noon I had nothing to do but
9、watch TV.2动名词作宾语 以下动词后，只能接动名词作宾语，如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy,finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, dont mind, give up, insist, on, put off等.女口:I suggest spe nding our summer vacati on in a seaside tow n.You must give up smok ing, for it does too mu
10、ch harm to your health. 动名词作介词的宾语I should go to atte nd the birthday celebrati on in stead of stay ing at home.What about in vit ing Li Jun to make a speech动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如:have difficulty(i n)doi ng, have no trouble(i n)doi ng,lose no ti me(in)doing, prevent/stop(from)doing, there is no usgoing 等.3.
11、 部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变.如:begin, continue, start, hat e, like, love, n eed, require, want等.在need, require, want后接-ing形式，表示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，女口:Your han dwrit ing n eeds improvi ng (to be improved).hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件，接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为.在下列情况下，一般要用不定式： hate, like, love 前有 would
12、(should) 时,女口 :ld like to have a cup of coffee. 当谓语动词 begin, continue, start等是进行式时 ,女口:The students are starting towork on the difficult maths problem. begin, continue, start与 know, understand等状态动词连用时 ,女口 :I soon began toun dersta nd whatwas happe ning.4. advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后
13、接动名词作宾语，或带不定式作宾语补足语.如:Our teachers dont permit our swim ming in the lake.Our teachers dont permit us to swim in the lake.5部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用. forget, remember, regret后接不定式，表示现在或未来的动作，接动名词表示动作已经发生.如：Dont forget fo post the letter for me.Have you forgotte n meeti ng her in Beiji ng Airp
14、ortRemember to close the win dows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not in vited to atte nd the meet ing.They regretted orderi ng these books from abroad. mea n to do打算做某事doing 意味着I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wa
15、st ing a lot of mon ey. try to do设法尽力做某事doing 试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortco min gs.Try work ing out the physics problem in ano ther way. stop to do停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）doing 停止做某事On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper.Youd better stop arguing and do as you are told. cant help doi ng禁不住to do不能帮助干They could nt help jumping up at the news.Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I cant help to make up the room for you. go on to do做不同的事或不同内容的事doing继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续He
