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1、 新视野大学英语教师备课簿 史梅 姜华Unit 1Section A Learning a Foreign LanguageSection B Keys to Successful On Learning 学 习 目 标一、核心词汇四级核心词汇：arise, benefit, challenge, charge, commit, commitment, communicate, embarrass, ensure, expand, frustrate, participate, prefer, reflect, reinforce, reward, satisfy, share 六级核心词汇：
2、intimidate reap二、重要短语：allow for , be well worth sth., become aware of, come across, in addition, keep up with, now that, play a role in 三、疑难句子：Section A和B中的难句释义、译文及句子结构分析四、阅读技巧1：猜度词义五、真题测试1：与本课词语和语法项目相关的历年四六级及考研真题自测。一、重点词汇Section A （一）四级词汇1. （L1）reward：n. C,U Something given or received in recompens
3、e for worthy behavior报答，奖赏；Money offered or given for some special service, such as the return of a lost article or the capture of a criminal.报酬，酬金 Something given or received in retribution for evil acts.报应 vt. give a reward to or for 报答，酬谢，奖励 recompense【用法】a for doing sth.因做某事而得到酬金 give a to or fo
4、r报答：给或为给予奖赏 sth.酬谢某事 rewarding: offering or likely to offer satisfaction or gratification值得的,提供或可能提供满意或高兴的e.g. a) The dictator met a due reward.这个独裁者得到了报应。 b) Have you got the reward? 你得到酬金了吗？ c) He was rewarded for his behavior.他的行为获得了奖赏。 d) This is a rewarding job.这是一份有价值的工作。【词义辨析1】award, reward，p
5、rize，bonus 这三个词都可以作名词。award意为“奖、奖品”，为可数名词，指对某些突出的成就给与的奖励，其奖品可以是钱或物。reward 意为“酬劳，奖赏”，可作为可数名词或不可数名词，通常指对工作、服务的酬劳，帮人尊回失物或捉拿罪犯等功劳的奖赏。prize意为“奖金,奖品，奖赏”，其意义几乎与award相同，但语气不如award不正式。bonus意为“奖金”，指给雇员的工资以外的一笔钱或相应的东西 e.g. a) The award for this years best actress went to her.她是今年的最佳女演员得主。 We have gained/got/ob
6、tained the first prize.我们已经获得了一等奖。 b) He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature.他被授予最佳诺贝尔文学奖。 The young man will win the highest award.该年轻人将获得最高奖。 c) He has received no reward for his service.他没有因为服务而获得报酬。 There is a reward of $1,000 for the person who returns the lost jewelry to its owner. 将珠宝归
7、还失主者将获得奖金1000美元。 d) Those who put in many hours of overtime will receive a percentage of their salary as a bonus.那些付出许多加班时间的人将得到相当于其工资的一部分作为奖金。 The workers got a Christmas bonus.工人得到圣诞节奖金。 【词义辨析2】 award, reward这两个词都可作为动词。award作为动词时，意为“授予，给予;判给”，通常指官方或法院根据有关规定把钱财奖给或判给某人。后面可跟双宾语。reward作为动词时，意为“为（某事）酬劳
8、（某人）”，其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。reward后跟with 用来说明以何物作为报酬。 e.g. a) The university awarded him an honorary degree.这所大学授予他名誉学位。 The court awarded him damages of $5,000.法院判给他损害赔偿金5000美金。 b) How can I reward your kindness? 我如何酬谢你的好意呢？2. （L2）frustrate：vt. prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire阻碍
9、，挫败 使受挫折 cause feelings of discouragement or bafflement in使沮丧，使灰心; 【用法】 sth.使某事受到阻碍 sb. 是某人沮丧或灰心 e.g. a) Their attempts to speak to him were frustrated by the guards. 他们想和他谈话的企图因警卫的阻挡没有成功。 A poor memory frustrated her efforts to become an actress.糟糕的记忆力阻碍了她成为女演员。 The weather frustrated our plans.天气破
10、坏了我们的计划。 A persistent wind frustrated my attempt to rake the lawn.持续不停的风阻碍了我整理草坪的打算。b) Its this constant lack of funds that frustrates me.我感到很沮丧是我老是缺钱。3. （L4）junior：adj.年少的，较年幼的 资历较浅的，地位较低的 n.年少者地位较低者，晚辈 （美国中学或大学的）三级学生 【用法】be to（注意：该词没有比较级和最高级形式，本身就包含有比较意义） e.g. a) She teaches a junior class.她教一个低年级
11、班。She is junior to me.她比我年纪小。He is three years junior to me.他比我小三岁。b) He is the junior partner in the firm.他是这家公司地位较低的股东。He has junior position in the company.他在这家公司担任一个低级职务。 4. （L6）positive: adj. effective, helpful definite; allowing no room doubt明确的;不容置疑的 very sure; confident确定的，有信心的 e.g. a) You s
12、hould give her a positive answer; positive criticism.你应给她一个肯定的回答 b) I am positive that I gave you his address.我肯定把他的地址给你了。5.（L8）senior：adj.资格较老的，地位较高的 年长的 n .较年长的 (中学或大学的)毕业生【用法】be to sb比某人年长.（to是介词）e.g. a) She teaches a senior class.她教一个高年级班。b) She is senior to everyone else in the company.她在公司里的地位
13、比其他人都高。6. （L9）former: adj .occurring earlier in time较早发生的of, relating to, or taking place in the past过去的coming before in place or order; foregoing在前的，处在前面的being the first of two mentioned前者的having been in the past前任的 【用法】the the latter 前者后者 e.g. a) In former times the British army kept lots of soldi
14、ers at Fort William in Scotland.从前英国陆军经常把大批士兵派驻在苏格兰的威廉堡。 b) The owner of that shop is Mr Brown the former owner was Mr Johnson.那家商店的主人是布朗先生，以前的店主是约翰逊先生。 c) Of swimming and football he much preferred the former.在游泳和足球中他更喜欢前者。Of Tokyo and Moskow, the former has the larger population.就东京和莫斯科两个城市而言,前者人口较多。Did he go there by air or by train? The former seems more likely.他是乘飞机还是坐火车去的?前者似乎可能性更大些。7. （L17）unlike: adj. not alike; different不相象的；不同的 not equal, as in
