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1、定语从句汇总讲解I.概念：(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧 接在先行词后面。(2) 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语) 关系代词： that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 关系副词(在从句中只作状语)： when、why、 where定语从句三步：第一找出先行词; 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(
2、做主语、宾语或状语); 第三选择合适的关系词。II.几个关系代词的基本用法：that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时, 相当于which)(般不用于非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语)女口：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything ( that) you like.4. What is the q
3、uestion (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.6. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my f
4、ather.2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.4. He was proud, which his brother never was.5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for h
5、im.who, whom, whose:who： 主格, 在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人 whom： 宾格,在从句中作宾语; 只可指人 whose： 属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard.All who heard the story were amazed.Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.Hes a man from whom we should learn.= Hes a m
6、an (whom/who/that) we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.Id like a room whose window faces south.=Id like a room of which the window faces south.=Id like a room the window of which faces south.关系代词作介词宾语:关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以 放于句首较为正式.（介词前置,必须注意不
7、影响动词词组的含义。关系代词 who 和 that 用作 介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.）This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book （that/which） you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands?= Do you know the person （whom/who/that） I shook hands with?The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress wit
8、h which nothing could compare until our information age.In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?This is the girl whom they are looking after.介词
9、after 与 look 构成固定词组，不可前置look at, look for, look after, take care of 等）as的用法:（as引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语） 如为限制性的,多用于 the same .as ; the same as; such .as as many/much as; so .as 等结构中。如:have the same book as you （have）.我有一本和你的一样的书。Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. （ 关系代词 as 和
10、指示代词 same 连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是 same.）Dont do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比较:I live in the same house that he used to live in.Im wearing the same shirtas you wore yesterday.比较:Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定语从句）Here is so b
11、ig a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为 正如,这一点。 （动词常为 know, see， expect， point out， etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作宾语）=As is known to all， smoking is harmful to ones health . （as 作主语）=Its known to all that smoking is harmful
12、 to ones health .was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.（宾语，先行词是前面整个句子）III.关系副词引导的定语从句：When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如:time, day, week, tear， month， etc.）He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意:先行词为时间名词，可用when引导定语从句,when
13、在定语从句中作状语;还可以用 which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。比较:I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.作 状语）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语 ） There are occasions when joking is not p
14、ermissible.Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词如:place, school, factory, room, etc.This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意:先行词是地点名词，定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that引导,which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。比较：探This is the factory where /in which he worked last year.作状语）探 This
15、 is the park which/that they visited last year.作宾语）Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason时，可用for which指代;当关系 词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that引导。如：The reason why / for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.I dont believe the reason （that/which） he gave me. （作宾语）Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）Ex.） He was late .Thats because he got up late.He got up late. Thats why he was late.（表语从句）当先行词为way时,定语从句常用that, in which,或 how引导,that常可以省略。way后的定语从句的引导词不用时较多。但如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语时,则用 which 或 that 引导。如:This is the way （that） /in which I do such things.比较: Please do
