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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is
2、removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A. D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are creat
3、ed by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawed parallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the rais
4、ed image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmiths art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, “to carve”). The image is incis
5、ed into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper
6、picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts b
7、etween light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Mass production of prints in the sixteenth cent
8、ury made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.The authors purposes in paragraph 2 are to describe（ ）.3.The word “incised” in line 15 is closest in meaning to（ ）.4.According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have
9、in common?5.According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that they（ ）.问题1选项A.The origins of textile decoration.B.The characteristics of good-quality prints.C.Two types of printmaking.D.Types of paper used in printmaking.问题2选项A.the woodcuts found in China in the fifth c
10、enturyB.the use of woodcuts in the textile industryC.the process involved in creating a woodcutD.the introduction of woodcuts to Europe问题3选项A.burnedB.cutC.framedD.baked问题4选项A.Their designs are slightly raised.B.They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C.They were first used in Europ
11、e.D.They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.问题5选项A.can be reproduced on materials other than paperB.are created from a reversed imageC.show variations between light and dark shadesD.require a printing press【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章主要讨论的问题是什么”。文章第一段第一句为文章的中
12、心句：版画是一系列工艺的总称，其中木刻和雕刻是两个主要的例子（Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples），接下来的内容都是在讲述木刻与雕刻，所以选项C“版画的两种”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“第二段的目的是为了描述”。文章第二段介绍了木刻的来源：公元五世纪中国开始采用，主要用于纺织；十四世纪传入欧洲。然后介绍了木刻工艺的具体流程，因此选项C符合题意。3.词义题。题目问的是“单词incised与哪个词的意
13、思最接近”。文章第三段提到“图片被进一块高度抛光的金属板”（The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate），由此可以推测出incised有“雕刻”的意思。选项B符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，木刻与雕刻的共同点是什么”。文章最后一段提到“版画很适合多图制作”（Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images），可知选项D符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章内容，下列关于出版哪项是错误的”。文章第二段提到木刻起源于中国，
14、用于纺织，由此可知选项A描述正确，排除；文章第一段提到“当纸被拿掉时，图像会附着在纸上，但是方向是相反的”（When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse），由此可知选项B描述正确，排除；文章第一段提到“印刷是把一张纸（或其他材料）压在一个装有油墨的承载图像的表面上”（Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been ap
15、plied），由此可知选项D描述正确，排除。综上，选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Now the cheers and applause（ ）in a single sustained roar.问题1选项A.mingledB.tangledC.baffledD.huddled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingle“混合；交往”；B选项tangle“使缠结在一起；打架”；C选项baffle“使困惑；使受挫折”；D选项huddle“挤在一起；蜷缩；靠拢”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声在一个持续的呼喊中。综合句意与选项可知，此处表示“欢呼声与掌声混合”，A选项符合题意。3. 翻译题人和人之间没什么大的差别。任何人都是伟大与渺小、善良与邪恶、高尚与低俗的混合体。有的人个性比较坚毅，或者机会比较好，所以能在某个方而更自由地发挥自己的禀赋， 但是人的潜能都是相同的。就拿我来说，我认为自己并不比大多数人更好或更差，但是我知道，假如我记下我生命中每一个举动和每一个掠过脑海的想法的话，世人将会把我视作一个邪恶的怪物。每个人都会有这些怪念头，认识到这一点，人们就更能包容自己、包容他人。认识到这一点，我们就能以同情的态度看待同伴，即便他们是最优秀最值得尊敬的人：认识到这一点，我们也就不会把自己太当一回事了。
