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1、Anchovy鳀属（Engraulis）o 白鳀（Engraulis albidus）o 阿根廷鳀（Engraulis anchoita）o 澳洲鳀（Engraulis australis）：又称新西兰鳀。o 南非鳀（Engraulis capensis）o 欧洲鳀（Engraulis encrasicolus）：又称拟小鳀、黑海鳀、亚速海鳀。o 银鳀（Engraulis eurystole）o 日本鳀（Engraulis japonicus）o 美洲鳀（Engraulis mordax）o 秘鲁鳀（Engraulis ringens）AnchoviesScientific classific
2、ationKingdom:AnimaliaPhylum:ChordataClass:ActinopterygiiOrder:ClupeiformesFamily:EngraulidaeGeneraSee textGlobal commercial capture of anchovy in million tonnes 19502010An anchovy is a small, common salt-water forage fish of the family Engraulidae.The 144 species are placed in 17 genera; they are fo
3、und in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, and in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Anchovies are usually classified as oily fish. Contents 1 Genera 2 Characteristics 3 Distribution 4 Ecology 5 Commercial species 6 Fisheries o 6.1 Black Sea 7 As foodGeneraGenera in the family Engraulida
4、eGeneraSpeciesCommentGeneraSpeciesCommentAmazonsprattus1Anchoa35Anchovia3Anchoviella4Cetengraulis2Coilia13Encrasicholina5Engraulis9Type genus for anchovy: This genus contains all the commercially significant anchovy.Jurengraulis1Lycengraulis4Lycothrissa1Papuengraulis1Pseudosetipinna1Pterengraulis1Se
5、tipinna8Stolephorus20Thryssa24CharacteristicsEuropean anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolusAnchovies are small, green fish with blue reflections due to a silver-colored longitudinal stripe that runs from the base of the caudal fin. They range from 2 to 40cm (0.79 to 15.75in) in adult length,3 and their bo
6、dy shapes are variable with more slender fish in northern populations.The snout is blunt with tiny, sharp teeth in both jaws. The snout contains a unique rostral organ, believed to be sensory in nature, although its exact function is unknown. The mouth is larger than that of herrings and silversides
7、, two fish which anchovies closely resemble in other respects. The anchovy eats plankton and recently hatched fish.DistributionAnchovies are found in scattered areas throughout the worlds oceans, but are concentrated in temperate waters, and are rare or absent in very cold or very warm seas. They ar
8、e generally very accepting of a wide range of temperatures and salinity. Large schools can be found in shallow, brackish areas with muddy bottoms, as in estuaries and bays. They are abundant in the Mediterranean, particularly in the Alboran Sea, Aegean Sea and the Black Sea. The species is regularly
9、 caught along the coasts of Crete, Greece, Sicily, Italy, France, Turkey, and Spain. They are also found on the coast of northern Africa. The range of the species also extends along the Atlantic coast of Europe to the south of Norway. Spawning occurs between October and March, but not in water colde
10、r than 12C (54F). The anchovy appears to spawn at least 100km (62mi) from the shore, near the surface of the water.EcologyThe anchovy is a significant food source for almost every predatory fish in its environment, including the California halibut, rock fish, yellowtail, shark, chinook, and coho sal
11、mon. It is also extremely important to marine mammals and birds; for example, breeding success of California brown pelicans and elegant terns is strongly connected to anchovy abundance.Commercial speciesCommercial fishLarge pelagicbillfish, bonitomackerel, salmonshark, tunaForageanchovy, herringmenh
12、aden, sardineshad, spratDemersalcod, eel, flatfishpollock, ray Mixedcarp, tilapiaCommercially significant speciesCommon nameScientific nameMaximumlengthCommonlengthMaximumweightMaximumageTrophiclevelFishBaseFAOITISIUCN statusEuropean anchovy*Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)20.0cm (7.9in)13.5c
13、m (5.3in)kg3 years3.11Not assessedArgentine anchoitaEngraulis anchoita (Hubbs & Marini, 1935)17.0cm (6.7in)cm0.025kg (0.88oz)years2.51Not assessedCalifornian anchovyEngraulis mordax (Girard, 1856)24.8cm (9.8in)15.0cm (5.9in)0.068kg (2.4oz)years2.96Least concernJapanese anchovyEngraulis japonicus (Te
14、mminck & Schlegel, 1846)18.0cm (7.1in)14.0cm (5.5in)0.045kg (1.6oz)4 years2.60Not assessedPeruvian anchovetaEngraulis ringens (Jenyns, 1842)20.0cm (7.9in)14.0cm (5.5in)kg3 years2.70Least concernSouthern African anchovyEngraulis capensis (Gilchrist, 1913)17.0cm (6.7in)cmkgyears2.80Not assessed* Type speciesFisheriesGlobal capture of anchovy in tonnes reported by the FAOCapture of all anchovy reported by the FAO (green indicates Peruvian anchoveta) Peruvian anchoveta 19502010 Other anchovy 19502010Black SeaOn average, the Turkish commercial fishing fleet catches around 300,000 tons p
