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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a famous clown with a strong（ ）.问题1选项A.philosophyB.mannerC.personalityD.idealism【答案】B【解析】考查固定用法。to blame意为“该受责备；怪罪；应该负责”。句意“如果你从不复习你的台词，假如在表演时失败了，你只能怪你自己。”选项B符合语境。2. 单选题You will get to the church
2、 more quickly if you take this（ ）across the fields.问题1选项A.trackB.passageC.methodD.journey【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项track“轨道，足迹，小道”；B选项passage“走廊，通道”；C选项method“方法”；D选项 journey“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你沿着这条小路穿过田野，到教堂会快一些。选项A符合语境。3. 单选题Culture is the total sum of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of
3、a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarc
4、hy among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” langua
5、ges that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatica
6、l structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion,
7、 either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from ours, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated.
8、An accidental language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”); some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.This study o
9、f language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all culture are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.1.The language of uncivilized groups as compared to Western languages are limited in（ ）.2.The author says that professional linguists r
10、ecognize that（ ）.3.The article states that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found（ ）.4.According to the author, languages, whether civilized or not, have（ ）.5.Which of the following is implied but not articulated in the passage?问题1选项A.sound patternsB.vocabulariesC.grammatical structuresD.both A a
11、nd B问题2选项A.Western languages are superior to Eastern languagesB.All languages came from grunts and groansC.The hierarchy of languages is difficult to understandD.There is no hierarchy of languages问题3选项A.nowhere todayB.among the Australian aboriginesC.among Eastern culturesD.among people speaking “ba
12、ckward” languages问题4选项A.the potential for expanding vocabularyB.their own sound patternsC.an ability to transfer ideasD.grammatical structures问题5选项A.The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.B.The study of language has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hi
13、erarchy among cultures.C.The study of language is the same as the study of anthropologists.D.The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第三段的第四句“They fall behind our Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical
14、 structures, which usually fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflects the objects and activities known to their speakers. 它们（不文明群体的语言）落后于我们的西方语言，通常不是在完全满足所有语言所需要的声音模式或语法结构上，而只是在反映说话者所知道的对象和活动的词汇上。”由此可知，与西方语言相比，不文明群体的语言在词汇方面受到限制，所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第二段的内容“对于
15、专业的人类学家来说，文化之间没有本质上的优越，正如对于专业的语言学家来说，语言之间也没有本质上的等级关系。”由此可知，选项D符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据第三段一、二句的内容“人们曾经认为落后群体的语言是野蛮的、不发达的语言形式，主要由咕哝和呻吟组成。虽然语言可能是从一系列的咕哝和呻吟开始的，但对落后语言的研究证实，现在的口语语言都不符合这一描述。”也就是说，咕哝和呻吟的语言形式现在已经不存在了，所以选项A正确。4.细节事实题。第三段提及“All languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 所有的语言似乎都有扩充词汇的机制，它们可以把已经存在的词汇组合在一起，也可以从其他语言中借用词汇并使其适应自己的系统。”由此可知，作者认为语言无论文明与否，都有扩大词汇量的潜力，选项A符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段的内
