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1、word英语语法第八章独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构Absolute Construction。其实，所谓“独立主格结构也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。such an able man和 to
2、help you 之间存在着主谓关系 = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格 = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell
3、him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A不定式“独立主格结构在“逻辑主语+动词不定式结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。1动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中，动词
4、不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 His mother to e tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。= As his mother is to e tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner. will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ Sorry.So many exercise-books to check,I really cant afford any time. 对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不
5、出时间。 Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really cant afford any time. The four of us agreed on a division of labor,each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 The four of us agreed on a division of labor and each is to translate a quarter of the book. Many tree
6、s,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)B-ing形式“独立主格结构动词的-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 Being ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了。= A
7、s he was very ill, he went home. Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.在课桌旁坐好后，他开始看杂志。= When he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 1表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构 Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. 每个人都准备好后，教师开始上课。相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)
8、The chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated. 每个人坐好后，主席开始开会。相当于一个时间状语从句after everyone was seated 2表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构 The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way Many eyes watching him, he felt a bit ne
9、rvous. 许多眼睛看着他，他感到有点儿紧X。相当于一个原因状语从句As many eyes were watching him 必背： 含有being的独立主格结构。 It being National Day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。 = As it is National Day today, the streets are very crowded. There being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。 =
10、As there was no further business to discuss, we all went home. 3表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构 Time permitting, we will have a piic next week. 时间允许的话，我们下星期将进展一次野炊。相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits) My health allowing, I will work far into the night. 我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。相当于一个条件状语从句If my health allows 4表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构
11、 The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人胸前都带着一X卡。相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest The boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky. 男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看着天空。相当于一个并列分句and his eyes were looking at the skyC-ed形式“独立主格结构 与
12、逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样，如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话，就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。 The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it. 该书是用简单英语写的，英语初学者也能看懂。 = As the book was written in simple English，English beginners were able to read it. The workers worked still harder, their living conditions gr
13、eatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。 = As their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 = He was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
14、 The task pleted,he had two months leave. 任务完成以后，他休了两个月的假。=When the task had been pleted,he had two months leave. 比拟： 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词-ed形式表示动作已经完毕，动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进展。 The manager looks worried，many things to settle. 经理看上去很着急, 有这么多的事情要处理。事情还没有处理，而且是由经理本人来处理，用不定式to settle The manager looks relax
15、ed, many things settled. 许多事情已经处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。事情已经处理好了，用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经完毕 The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 小孩一边做饭，一边看电视。两个动作同时进展 The food cooked, the boy went to bed. 饭做好了，小孩去睡了。两个动作有先后，饭已做好，小孩才去睡觉的二、动词独立主格结构“逻辑主语+being+其他是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式的一种形式。在这种结构中，being往往可以被省去，这种省去being的
16、结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构。A逻辑主语+名词 Ten students entered for the petition, the youngest a boy of 12. 十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being 注意： 独立主格结构中的being在如下两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名词结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 It being Sunday, all th
