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1、6. 现在完成时一 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词（done）一 句型：否定句：主语+have/has+no t+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语：Yes,主语+ have/has.（肯定） No, 主语 + haven t/hasnt.（否定）三用法1（1）现去在完成时表示过发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money （so far）.（含义是：现在我没有钱花 了.）My fat her has gone to work.（含义是：我爸爸现在不在这儿）（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发
2、生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用 行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for （+时间段），since （+时间点或 过去时的句子）连用. for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来） since+时段+ago since+从句（过去时）It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.四.has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in）的区别Have/Has gone（to） : 去了 （ 现在不在说话现场） 例如
3、：例如： Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been （to） :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标 志词可以表达这种含义:* 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志He ha
4、s already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。* 以 ever 和 never 为标志This is the bes t film I have ever seen这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。* 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA t hree t imes.他说他已经去过美国三次了。*以so far （到目前为
5、止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2. 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从 动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。* for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志注意： 1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday,lastweek, three years ago 等;2）不能与 when 连用2. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过
6、去时间状语连用六过去分词1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的 构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1) 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。visitvisitedvisited、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live lived lived ,(3) 、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。(4) 、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped七. 瞬间动词(buy,die,join,come, go ,lea
7、ve,join ) 不能直接与 forsince 连用。要改变动词buyhave borrow keep come/arrive/reach/get tobe ingooutbeout leavebeaway beginbeon finishbeoveropenbe open close be closed diebe dead现在完成时练习(一)A) 选用have, has填空：1.I t o l d him the news.2.She come back from school.3. You won the game.B) 按要求改写下列各句：4. They have bought a
8、computer.(改成否定句)5. He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)C) 单项选择6. -Where have you , Kate?-Ive to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died8. Its six weeks I met you last.A. when B. since
9、C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached 现在完成时练习（二）一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）A. knew B. have known C. must know D .will know2、He has been to Shanghai , has he
10、 ?A. already B .never C .ever D. still3、Have you met Mr Li ？A . just B . ago C .before D . a moment ago4、The famous writer one new book in the past two years .A. is writing B .was writing C .wrote D .has written5、 Our country a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even .A. has changed ; wellB.changed
11、 ; goodC . has changed ; betterD.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan already _in this school for two years .A. was ; studyingB . will ; studyC . has ; studiedD. are ; studying7、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A . know B . had known C . have known D . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I it twice
12、 .A. will see B. have seen C. Saw D .see9、These farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When there ?A. will they goB . did they goC . do they goD . have they gone10、 you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I it a moment ago .A. Did ; do ; finished B . Have ; done ; finishedC . Have ; done ; have fin
13、ished D. will ; do ; finish11、His father the Party since 1978 .A. joined B . has joined C . was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We friends since ten years ago .A . were B . have been C . have become D . have made13、How long have you here ?About two months .A . been B . gone C . come
14、 D . arrived14、Hurry up! The play for ten minutes .A . has begunB . had begunC . has been onD . began15、 It ten years since he left the army .A . isB . Has C . will D . was16、Miss Green isnt in the office . she to the library .A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been17、My parents Shandong for ten ye
15、ars .A. have been inB . have been toC . have gone toD . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、His unclefor more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the
