《定语从句基本用法》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《定语从句基本用法（13页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、定语从句基本用法A good student A developing countryA developed countryA 5-star friendA man named ChuckA language widely used定语从句：修饰 某一名词或代词 的主 谓 结构(完整的基本句子结构-五种句型)。 （主句之中） 先行词 关系词+其它成分在定语从句中必须担当一个成分。定语从句中缺啥就补啥定语从句(The Attributive Clause)(一) 定语从句及其作用 定从定义说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子。定从作用在句子中作定语,修
2、饰句子中的某一名词或代词,从句须放在先行词之后。先行词被定语从句所修饰的词关系词用于引导一个定语从句,代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分。关系词作用1) 引导定语从句。 2)代替先行词。 3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。 公式：主句（先行词）+ 定语从句（关联词+从句的其他成分）关系词分类关系代词：which that who whom whose 关系副词：when where why(二) 关系代词的作用1. 关系代词：用来连接定语从句，并在从句中代表先行词的代词。先行词是物： which that 先行词是人： who that 2. 关系代词的用法 在从句中的句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性
3、从句 只用于限制性从句先行词代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语Who(m)which that定语whose(=of whom)whose(=of which)表语who(m), whosewhich, whosethat 由who, whom, whose引导的定语从句。这类定语从句中who用作主语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。 e.g. This is the man who helped me. The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room. Do you know the man whose name
4、 is Wang Yu? 在定语从句中，若先行词指人，其关系代词可用who, whom, 也可用that。 e.g. The girl who/that is speaking at the meeting is our monitor. The boy (who/whom/that) you saw just now is my brother. 3. 关系代词的具体用法及作用1).who指人，在从句中做主语。 如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Yesterday I helped an old man who l
5、ost his way.2). whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。如：Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。如：The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3). which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略如：Football is a game which is liked by mos
6、t boys. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4). that指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省。 如：The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5). whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 如：He has a friend whose fa
7、ther is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize. The girl whose work got the first prize is my daughter. Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xian. The book is not mine. / The cover of it is red. I live in the room. / The
8、windows of it face south. The chair has been repaired. / The leg of it was broken. Whose引导的定语从句应注意以下几点： whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 如：Thats the child whose father is an engineer. whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。 如：Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. I s
9、aw a tree whose leaves were black with disease. whose在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词的宾语，可以与介词放在先行词与从句之间。 如：The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. Tom, on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine. whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同，即whose+名词=the +名词 +of which 如：He lives
10、in the room whose window( the window of which) faces south.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.the door of which The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?(三) 在下列情
11、况下只用that，不用which 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one等不定代词时，something两者均可。如：There is nothing (that) I can do. I mean the one that was brought yesterday. Is there anything that I can do for you? 先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much，few，one of 等词修饰时， 如：I have read all t
12、he books (that) you gave me. You may take home any of these books that you like. 先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词最高级修饰时， 如：The first thing that we should do is to help him. This is the best novel (that) I have ever read. She is the most careful girl that Ive ever known.先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是), th
13、e same, the last修饰时， 如：The white flower is the only one (that) I really like. This is the very book (that) I want to find. The last place (that) we visited was the hospital. This is the same watch that I lost yesterday. Thats the very tool that we are looking for. 当先行词有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物,定语从句用that 引导 (
14、that既可指人也可指物) 如：He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. They talked about the things and friends that they could remember. 当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。如：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? Which of us that knows anything does not know this?Who is the man that is standing over there? Which is the tool that you are looking for?What did you hear that made you so angry? 当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时如：China isnt the country
