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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I am cautiously （ ） that a new government will be concerned and aware about the environment.问题1选项A.optimisticB.hostileC.cynicalD.doubtful【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。optimistic “乐观的”；hostile “敌对的”；cynical “愤世嫉俗的”；doubtful “可疑的”。句意：对于新政府是否会关注环境问题，我持谨慎的_态度。 根据关键信息cautiously
2、可知选项A符合题意，“乐观态度”。2. 单选题Every month the old couple put aside a little sum of money which （ ） urgent use.问题1选项A.means forB.means toC.is meant forD.is meant to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。mean for “对意味着”；mean to “对重要”；be meant for “为做准备”；be meant to “打算，意欲”。句意：这对夫妇每个月都会存一小笔钱，以备急需时用。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题What is perhaps of
3、great importance is the fact that she challenged the decision of her employers and won the case（ ） .问题1选项A.in the extremeB.to the pointC.against all oddsD.around the comer【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。in the extreme “非常，极度”；to the point “ 中肯，切题”；against all odds “困难重重”；around the comer “即将到来”。语境为：最重要的或许在于，她敢于质疑雇主
4、的决定，并且克服重重困难最终获得胜利。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题Bill was sitting and daydreaming so his mother told him to _ down to earth and to do his homework.问题1选项A.goB.comeC.narrowD.boil【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. go 去，走 B. come 来，到C. narrow 变窄，缩小 D. boil 沸腾，烧开【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】本句的主干部分是“Bill was sitting and daydreaming（比尔正坐着做白日梦）”，so引导了
5、一个结果状语从句，说明导致的结果是妈妈叫他去做某事，和“daydreaming（白日梦）”相对立的应该是面对现实。come down to earth是固定搭配，意为“回到现实，面对现实”，因此B选项come“来，到”最符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项go“去，走”，go down to指延续至，一直到某处；C选项narrow“变窄，缩小”，narrow down to指缩小到某个范围；D选项boil“沸腾，烧开”，boil down to指归结为，归根结底；均不能和“earth（土地）”构成固定搭配。【句意】比尔正坐着做白日梦，所以他妈妈叫他面对现实，去做家庭作业。5. 单选题Physical
6、 exercise has the capacity to be used to attempt to control emotional feelings, to （ ）the calories consumed in food and to control body size.问题1选项A.make upB.pass onC.work offD.mark down【答案】C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。 make up “构成，编造”；pass on “传递”；work off “发泄，排除”；mark down “降低价格，记下”。句意为：体育运动有以下作用：可以用于控制情绪，排除从食物中所
7、吸收的卡路里，并且控制体重。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题The theory that business could operate totally without the aid of government has proved to be a （ ）.问题1选项A.allusionB.seclusionC.illusionD.confusion【答案】C【解析】考察名词辨析。allusion “暗示”；seclusion “与世隔绝”；illusion “幻想；错觉”；confusion“混乱；困惑”。句意：认为商业运营能够完全脱离政府援助的这种观点是一种幻想。选项C符合句意。7. 写作题
8、Directions: Write an essay of no less than 200 words on the topic given below. Use the space provided on your Answer Sheet II.TOPICMany people judge the value of things by their practicality or usefulness. What is your opinion on this topic? Support your argument with reasons or examples.【答案】【参考范文】P
9、eople tend to judge the value of things by their practicality or usefulness. Although I understand why people do so, I still hold that the value of things should not be judged only by their practicality or usefulness.To start with, the value of things cannot be judged by any one-dimensional standard
10、. A thing may have different values in the eyes of different people. Judging the value of things by their practicality or usefulness is just one dimension but not necessarily the best dimension. From a mundane outlook, practical things may bring people more benefits and rewards. Looking from a histo
11、rical perspective, we could find the origin of such a utilitarian outlook in some hard times. During those historical periods when a scarcity of food was a ubiquitous phenomenon, survival was of the utmost priority, and judging the value of things from their usefulness could ensure human beings surv
12、ival to a maximum extent. After all, there was little chance for people to waste their precious resources on useless things.However, as the living standard is rising higher and higher in modern society, nowadays people are much less worried about the adequacy of living substances than they were in t
13、he bygone ages. At this time, how to judge the value of things has become a multidimensional choice. Some individuals begin to cherish spiritual or aesthetic value of things. New generations are often pursuing different kinds of value in a postmodern society, and the practicality is no longer the si
14、ngle standard to measure the value of things.Furthermore, the aesthetic value of things is also a dimension which deserves our attention. Few of us could resist the temptation of a beautiful fresh flower, as well as the healing power of an unforgettable melody, and the colorful glamour of an exquisi
15、te painting. There may be little practical use in art or artistic objects, but they do have a value in the eyes of an appreciating admirer. Although the spiritual value of a thing looks intangible, it could really exert a profound influence on people. For instance, gazing at the world famous painting “Sunflower” on the wall, we could feel Vincent van Goghs burning vitality and get inspired when we are in a gloomy mood. Listening to Mozarts music do help us relax in a pl
