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1、 “Ving或ed形式”短语作状语时，其实就是状语从句在主从句主语一致的情况下省略的结果。所以通常情况下，“Ving或ed形式”作状语时其逻辑主语是和主句的主语一致的。在前后主语不一致的情况下，我们通常采用“Ving或ed形式”短语前加上其逻辑主语一起构成主句的状语部分，因此我们就把自带逻辑主语的“Ving或ed形式”结构叫做“独立主格结构”。事实上，在英语中，“独立主格结构”还可以由“逻辑主语+不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等”构成，其功能相当于“with复合结构”或“非限制性定语从句”。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.1. 与状语从句的转化1). All the work fini
2、shed, he sat down for a coffee.【= When all the work was finished, he sat down for a coffee.】2). Weather permitting, we will go swimming tomorrow.【= If weather permits, we will go swimming tomorrow.】3). The boy being late, his teacher was very angry.【= As the boy was late, his teacher was very angry.
3、 】4) Everything taken into consideration, the event was a great event.【= When everything taken into consideration, the event was a great event.】5) There being something more important to attend to, he had to cancel the appointment with me.【= As there was something more important to attend to, he had
4、 to cancel the appointment with me.】6). The floor wet, they stayed outside.【= As the floor was wet, they stayed outside.】2. 与with复合结构的转化1). A lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.【=With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.】2）The president entered the meeting room, his
5、secretary following him.【=The president entered the meeting room, with his secretary following him.】3). The crazy man, a gun in his hand, was trying to kill his wife.【=The crazy man, with a gun in his hand, was trying to kill his wife.】3. 与非限制性定语从句的转化1). The country has already sent up three unmanne
6、d spacecraft, the most recent having been launched at the end of last month.【=The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent of which was launched at the end of last month.】2). The old farmer raised 10 pigs, two weighing 200kg.【=The old farmer raised 10 pigs, two of whic
7、h weighed 200kg.】巩固联系1. Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A. to take B. taken C. to be taken D. taking 2. An expert _ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem.A. will come B. coming C. to come D. having come 3. The meeting _ over, he went to pick
8、up his son directlyA. to be B. is C. was D. being4. - They sat still in the room, _.- Why did they do like that?A. drawing the curtains B. with the curtains drawnC. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 5. The sun _, they continued their way.A. has risen B. having risen C. has raise
9、d D. having raised 6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launched B. having been launchedC. being launched D. to be launched 7. Here are two volumes, the third one _ next month.A. comes out B. came out C. coming out D. to
10、 come out 8. With his son_ , the old man felt unhappy.A. to disappoint B. to be disappointingC. disappointing D. being disappointed 9. - Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.-Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 10 Jo
11、hn received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ , he gladly accepted it .A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished 11. _, I had to ask for two days leave.A. Mother being ill B. Mother ill C. As mother was ill D. A, B and C 12. With so many books _, I couldnt go to surf the
12、 Internet.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. read 13. The thief stood before the policeman _ admitting what he had done.A. with his dropping head B. dropping his headC. raising his head D. with his head down 14. Winter _, it is time to buy warm clothes .A .has come on B. is coming on C. coming o
13、n D. comes on 15. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his eyes _ and his hands _.A. close, tremble B. closed, tremblingC. closing, trembling D. closed, trembled 16. With nothing _ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out .A. leaving B. leave C. left D. to leave 17. It
14、was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished .A. for B. with C. of D. from 18. I couldnt do my homework with that noise _ on.A. to go B. went C. going D. goes19. _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.A. Because of B. With C. As for D. Besides 20. Tom came home, _.A. a dog
