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1、2022年考博英语-北京航空航天大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题As Apple prepares to report what (analysts project) may be the companys first year-over-year quarterly earnings decline in a decade on Tuesday, it is also grappling with jittery investors and a recent share-price plunge that has wiped about $280 billion off it
2、s market capitalization since its stock reached a high of $702. 10 last September.（1） Much of the investor nervousness is rooted in how Wall Street is treating and valuing the Cupertino, Calif., company as a traditional hardware maker. One camp of analysts and some investors said there is strong evi
3、dence that Apple should be viewed in a different light: as a software hardware hybrid.The distinction matters. If it continues to be seen as a hardware business, Apples streak driven by products like the iPhone and iPad could run out quickly as smartphones and tablets get commoditized and consumer t
4、astes change. （2 ） It is a lesson learned by companies like BlackBerry-maker Research In Motion Ltd., whose tech hardware was quickly eclipsed by products from Apple itself.If Apple is classified as a software-hardware hybrid, the company could be valued more like Internet and software makers that h
5、ave recurring revenue streams and that often trade at higher price-to-earnings ratios than hardware firms.“The market views Apple as a consumer hardware company tied to product cycles that drive volatile revenue and earnings streams, says Morgan Stanley analyst Katy Huberty. （3 ） But that view isnt
6、complete, she says, since “Apple customers buy into a brand that offers ease of use similar to companies like A or enterprise companies like NetApp.”An Apple spokesman declined to comment ahead of Tuesdays earning report.With Wall Street categorizing Apple as a hardware maker, investors value the co
7、mpany which made an astounding $13 billion in profits in the quarter ended in December at 8. 6 times expected earnings per share for the next 12 months. Investors are currently valuing Hewlett-Packard Co., which made $1.2 billion in profits during its most recent quarter, at a price-to-earnings rati
8、o of 5. 6. Troubled PC maker Dell Inc., whose stock price inflated after signing a buyout deal earlier this year, trades at a P/E ratio of 8. 5.Apples gross margins are around 40%, an important-measure of the companys efficiency at making money. That is roughly twice as high as H-Ps and Dells. Apple
9、 has characteristics that differ from many other hardware businesses. （4） Its customers often upgrade their Apple products annually, far more frequently than the four-year PC upgrade cycles typically found at tech hardware businesses including Hewlett-Packard or Dell. While H-P and Dell have tried b
10、eefing up the enterprise software side of their business, Apples operating system and iTunes software is already ubiquitous. （5） Apple also has more than 500 million accounts for its App Store tied to credit cards and a customer base to sell new services to giving it a recurring software and service
11、s revenue stream. Apple took in revenue of $3. 7 billion from iTunes and other software and services in its last quarter, or 7% of its total revenue.【答案】1. 大部分投资者的紧张情绪源于华尔街将加州库比蒂诺的（苹果）公司定位和评价为传统硬件制造公司。2. 很多公司例如蓝莓制造商RIM公司都受到了教训，他们的硬件技术很快就被苹果自主研发的产品淘汰。3. 但是这种观点是不全面的，她说，因为“苹果用户购买的是一个品牌，它可以为他们提供类似于亚马逊或者
12、NetAPP这样的企业所提供的便捷服务”。4. 该公司的用户经常会每年都更新他们的苹果产品，远远超过了包括惠普或戴尔在内的技术硬件企业中普遍存在的四年更新一次个人电脑的频率。5. 在它的APP商店里，苹果拥有超过5亿个绑定了信用卡的账户，以及一个可以销售新服务的客户群，这给它带来一个循环性软件和服务的收入流。2. 单选题To compensate for the substantial decline in the availability of fossil fuels in future years, we will have to provide at least（ ）alternati
13、ve energy source.问题1选项A.an anticipatedB.an officialC.an equivalentD.a redundant【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意：为了弥补未来几年中矿物燃料供应量的大幅度下降，我们不得不提供一种至少是 （ ）的替代能源。anticipated预期的，期望的；official官方的，正式的，公务的；equivalent等价的，相等的；redundant多余的，过剩的。C选项“相等的”符合句意。3. 单选题The plan for the new office tower went ahead（ ）of local oppositio
14、n.问题1选项A.on accountB.in the lightC.outD.regardless【答案】D【解析】句意：新建办公楼的计划已经提前启动， 当地居民的反对。on account 因为；in the light 因为，依据；out 出于；regardless 不管。根据后半句，当地居民反对，还是提前启动了计划，因此选D。4. 单选题There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts;
15、but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to the rulers by ancient writers, who relate how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes wer
16、e given Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline.The parable （寓言）of this semi-animal, semi human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures and that the one without the other is not durable.A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast
