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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Plagiarism is widely recognized as a high crime against the project of science, but the explanations for why its harmful generally （1） it look like a different kind of crime than fabrication and falsification. （2） ， Kenneth D. Pimple claims that plagiarism is no
2、t an（3）that undermines the knowledge-building project of science. Rather, the crime is in depriving other scientists of the reward they are（4） for participating in this knowledge-building project.（5） , Pimple says that plagiarism is problematic not because it is dishonest, but rather because it is u
3、nfair.While I think Pimple is right to identify an additional component of responsible conduct of science（6）honesty, namely, a certain kind of fairness to ones（7）scientists. I also think this analysis of plagiarism misses an important（8）in which misrepresenting the source of words, ideas, methods, o
4、r results can（9）the knowledge-building project of science.On the surface, plagiarism, while（10）nasty to the person whose report is being stolen, might seem not to undermine the scientific communitys（11）of the phenomena. We are still, after all, bringing together and（12）a number of different observat
5、ion reports to determine the stable features of our experience of the phenomenon.（13）this comparison often involves a dialogue as well. As part of the knowledge -building project, from the earliest planning of their experiments to well after results are published, scientists are（14）in asking and ans
6、wering questions about the details of the experience and of the conditions（15） which the phenomenon was observed. Misrepresenting someone elses honest observation report as ones own strips the report of accurate information for such a dialogue.问题1选项A.makeB.getC.haveD.help问题2选项A.ThereforeB.So farC.Ho
7、weverD.For example问题3选项A.excuseB.ideologyC.objectD.offense问题4选项A.competingB.attractedC.dueD.craving问题5选项A.On the other handB.In other wordsC.By and byD.In the meanwhile问题6选项A.besidesB.towardsC.exceptD.for问题7选项A.fellowB.rivalC.teamD.peer问题8选项A.chanceB.wayC.reasonD.base问题9选项A.stimulateB.constructC.und
8、ermineD.assess问题10选项A.surprisinglyB.accordinglyC.potentiallyD.necessarily问题11选项A.knowledgeB.discoveryC.creationD.evaluation问题12选项A.presentingB.comparingC.submittingD.producing问题13选项A.SoB.WhileC.ButD.And问题14选项A.devotedB.scheduledC.committedD.engaged问题15选项A.withB.underC.forD.around【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第
9、4题:C第5题:B第6题:A第7题:A第8题:B第9题:C第10题:C第11题:D第12题:B第13题:C第14题:D第15题:B【解析】（1）考察动词辨析。make使；get到达，获得；have 拥有； help帮助。句意：剽窃被广泛认定为是对科研项目的犯罪，但对其为何有害的解释使它看上去不同于伪造和篡改这两种行为。选项A符合句意。（2）考察逻辑连接词。Therefore于是（表示结果）；So far到目前为止（表示时间）；However然而（表示转折）；For example例如，比如（举例说明）。句意：例如，Kenneth D. Pimple声称 选项D符合句意。（3）考察名词辨析。ex
10、cuse借口；ideology思想意识；object物体，目标；offense冒犯行为。句意：Kenneth D. Pimple声称剽窃不是破坏科学知识建构的一种冒犯行为。选项D符合句意。（4）考察形容词辨析。competing竞争的，抵触的；attracted被吸引的；due应得的，预期的；craving渴望的。句意：剽窃这种行为剥夺了其他科学家从事知识构建应得的奖励。选项C符合句意。（5）考察逻辑连接词。On the other hand另一方面；In other words换一句话说；By and by迟早；In the meanwhile与此同时。句意：换句话说，Pimple以为剽窃的
11、问题不在于该行为不诚实，而是不公平。选项B符合句意。（6）考察介词辨析。besides 除之外还有；towards朝向；except除了以外（不包括后面所提到的内容或事物）；for为了。句意：除了诚实这一组成要素外，我认为Pimple指出了负责任的科研行为的其他额外组成部分。选项A符合句意。（7）考察名词辨析。fellow同伴；rival对手；team团队；peer同龄人。句意：负责任的科研行为的另一方面就是对科研同伴的公平。选项A符合句意。（8）考察名词辨析。chance机会;way方式，方法；reason原因；base基础。句意：我还认为Pimple对剽窃的分析遗漏了很重要的一个方面。选项
12、B符合句意。（9）考察动词辨析。stimulate激发；construct建造；undermine损害；assess评估。句意：对某些词语、观点、方法和结果的歪曲会损害科学知识的建构。选项C符合句意。（10）考察副词辨析。surprisingly令人惊奇地；accordingly相应地；potentially可能地，潜在地；necessarily有必要地。句意：对那些被剽窃者来说，剽窃行为可能会令其厌烦。选项C符合句意。（11）考察名词辨析。knowledge知识；discovery发现；creation创造；evaluation评价。句意：但从表面看，剽窃行为似乎并没有伤害到整个科研群体对这
13、一现象的评价。选项D符合句意。（12）考察动名词辨析。presenting展示，显示；comparing比较；submitting提交；producing生成。句意：我们仍然会把几个不同的观察报告放到一起比较来判断我们所观察到的一些现象的稳定特征。选项B符合句意。（13）考察逻辑连接词。so因此；while然而；but但是；and并且。句意：但是这种比较也涉及（研究者之间的）对话。选项C符合句意。（14）考察动词辨析。devoted“致力于”，常用于be devoted to doing结构；scheduled安排，计划；committed承诺；engaged从事。句意：从最初的实验计划到后来
14、实验结果的颁布，科学家们一直都在针对实验的细节和观察到现象时的条件状况进行问答。选项D符合句意。（15）考察介词辨析。with 和；under 在之下；for 为了；around 在周围。under conditions为固定搭配； 句意：观察到某种现象时的条件状况。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题Every month the old couple put aside a little sum of money which （ ） urgent use.问题1选项A.means forB.means toC.is meant forD.is meant to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。mean for “对意味着”；mean to “对重要”；be meant for “为做准备”；be meant to “打算，意欲”。句意：这对夫妇每个月都会存一小笔钱，以备急需时用。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题It is finally realized how foolish it is to develop our economy（ ） the environment.问题1选项A.for the
