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1、遗传物质的分子基础、孟德尔式遗传分析（一）(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section I Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Whenan invention is made, the inventor has three possible (1) of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea (2) , or patent it.A (3) patent is the result of a bargain (
2、4) between an inventor and the state, hut the inventorgets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period (5).Only in the most exceptional circumstances (6) thelifespan of a patent (7) to alter this normalprocess of events.The longest extensi
3、on ever (8) was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patents normal life there was no color TV to(9) and thus no hope for reward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently (10) after it has terminated, the shelv
4、es of the libraryattached to the (11) office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if (12) than half a century, sometimes even repatent. Indeed, patent experts oftenadvise anyone (13) to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through (14) patents tha
5、t theone sure way of violation of any other inventors right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form (15) invalidates further patents on that idea,it is traditionally (16) to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is
6、(17) on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely (8) in patents and inventions soon learns that most new ideas are, in fact, asold as the hills. It is theft reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity ordedication, or through the availability of new technology, (19) makes n
7、ews and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the originalideas behindtelevision originate (20) the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine ear was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.(分数：10.
8、00)(1) .A. work B. possibility C. measures D. courses(分数：0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：从上下文的意思来看，是说发明家有三个选择或路线，要么公开发表，要么不公布，要么注册专利。因此根据词义与句意应该选course，意思是“方针、路线”。(2) .A. open B. covered C. secret D. improved(分数：0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：从上下文来看，是说发明者将发明秘而不发，因此先从词义排除掉A和Do covered的意思中。“隐蔽着的，掩藏着的”，secret的意思是“秘密的，隐秘的，比较来看C
9、更好一些，常用keep-secret表示“将某事保守秘密”。A granted B. granting C. inventing D. invented(分数：0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：这里是指“注册的”专利， grant 意为“同意，准许，授予”，多用作及物动词，这里用 granted 表示“已经被批准、被授予的”(4) .A. striking B. struck C. to be striking D. to strike (分数： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：实际上应该是“ a bargain which is struck between an inventor
10、 and the state ， which 引导 一个定语从句修饰 bargain ，这里省略了 which is ，故应该用 strike 的过去分词 struck 。(5) .A. terminating B. continuing C. continues D. terminates(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. V 解析：这一句的意思是，发明家先有一段垄断时期，这段时间结束以后就要把发明的所有细节公诸于众。 terminate 的意思是“停止，结束，终止”，而且是在 after 引导的从句中，故应该选择 terminates 。(6) .A. are B. to be C.
11、be D. is(分数： 0.50)A.B.C.D. V解析：这是一个 only 引导状语放在句首的倒装句，故此处应该填 be 的正确形式，主语是 the lifespan of a patent ，故应该选单数的形式 is 。(7) .A. extending B. will extend C. extended D. to be extended(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：这是与上一个题相联系的，是 is 后面的动词，其实这个倒装句如果改成正常语序应该是“ the lifespanof a patent is extended to alter this nromal
12、process of this events”。(8) .A. granted B. granting C. to grant D. being granted(分数： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：类似于第 3 题的用法，也是指“被批准的”最长的时间延长， grant 的过去分词 granted 修饰 extension 。(9) .A. receiving B. sending C. receive D. send(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：从上下文的意思来看， 是说有个人的彩电线路专利被延长了很多年， 是因为一直以来没有彩电来“接 收”这一线路。此处 to 不
13、是介词，后面跟动词原形，可知 receive 为最恰当选项。(10) .A. public B. secret C. close D. concealed(分数： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：从前文的描述可以看出，专利在一定时期结束之后是要公诸于众的，所以这里应该选 public ，意为 “公开的”。(11) .A. customer B. commerce C. patent D. television (分数： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：本文一直是在讲专利，所以说应该是专利办公室的图书馆里有无数的专利信息可供人们自由使用， 从语意上可知选 patent 。(12) .
14、A. longer B. older C. weaker D. younger(分数： 0.50 )A.B. VC.D.解析：这里是说如果专利的时间超过了 50 年还应该再注册，所以应该是 older that 。(13) .A. wished B. refusing C. refused D. wishing(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C.D. V解析：从结构上来看， wishing to avoid a high cost 足修饰 anyone 的，所以应该用动名词结构做定语， 从意思上来看，人们当然是愿意通过剽窃专利以避免高额的研发费用，所以是选 wish 而不是 refuse 。(1
15、4) .A. live B. dead C. working D. recording(分数： 0.50 )A. VB.C.D.解析：从意思来看，是说人们想避免在仍有效的专利中搜索的高额费用，因此可能有人会去剽窃 a dead patent ，与下文的这个词组相对应，可以看出应该是选 live 。(15) .A. temporarily B. suddenly C. permanently D. sharply(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：联系上下文的意思，某一观点的任何形式的公开发表都会使这一观点的其他专利无效，所以从四个 选项的意思来看 C 比较合适。(16) .A. dangerous B. undesirable C. safe D. terrible(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C. VD.解析：根据前文的意思，在同一个领域里有人发表注册了某一观点，那其他的也就无效了，只有从别的领 域里提取观点才是安全的。(17) .A. constructed B. sent C. anticipated D. based(分数： 0.50 )A.B.C.解析：考查搭配，注意空格后面是on, base on建立在基
