《2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷1》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷1（62页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-武汉大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题20世纪，人类创造的物质文明和精神财富，超过了以往任何一个时代。令人遗憾的是，人类在这100年中也经历了前所未有的苦难，特别是遭受了两次世界大战的浩劫。但是世界的历史从来是由世界人民创造和书写的，因而正义总会战胜邪恶，光明总会战胜黑暗，进步总会战胜落后，人类必然会不断地克服艰难险阻，向着美好的未来开拓前进。在21世纪，世界人民虽然仍面临着许多严峻的挑战，可人类也面临着巨大的发展机遇。只要世界人民同心协力，形成战胜一切挑战的巨大力量，人类文明进步的航船就必将乘风破浪地前进。世界是丰富多彩的。各国人民走过了不同的历史发展道
2、路，有着不同的文化背景、社会制度和价值观念，延续着不同的生活方式。这种多样性正是世界充满竞赛、活力和创新的根本原因。各国之间应该加强交流和了解，在相互尊重和平等相待的基础上共同前进，而不应让这种多样性成为阻碍各国人民携手共进的隔阂，更不应人为地从中挑起对立和冲突。尊重和发展世界文明的多样性，并在这种多样性中找到共同利益之所在，是人类社会向前发展的伟大动力。Directions:Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】
3、In the 20th century, mankind created material and spiritual wealth unmatched by any other time in history. Regrettably, it was also in these 100 years that humanity experienced unprecedented hardships, particularly the havoc of the two world wars. But it is always by the people of the world that wor
4、ld history is made and written. Therefore, justice will inevitably prevail over evil, light over darkness and progress over backwardness. Mankind will undoutedly keep overcoming difficulties and obstacles, blaze new trails and steadily move forward to a better future. In the 21st century, though the
5、 people all over the world are still confronted with a multitude of formidable challenges, they are also faced with tremendous opportunities for development. As long as they work as one and constitute powerful strength that can prevail over every challenge, the ship of mankinds civilization and prog
6、ress will surely sail forward by braving the wind and waves.The world is colorful. People of different countries have traversed different roads, enjoyed different cultural backgrounds, social systems and values and continued different ways of life. This diversity is just the fundamental reason for c
7、ontest, vigor and innovation in this world. All countries should strengthen the exchange and understanding among them and advance toward a common goal on the basis of mutual respect and equality. They should not allow the diversity to be a barrier to their march forward, still less should they delib
8、erately provoke confrontation and conflict. Respecting and developing the diversity of world culture in which a common interest can be found is a great motive for the social progress of mankind.2. 单选题In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employergovernment or privateshould have li
9、ttle or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings diff
10、erentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive eff
11、ect on womens earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14. 6 percent greater than the earnings of women
12、 in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrim
13、ination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown selected a large sample of white male and female workers from the 1970 census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to
14、 avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities.) Browns research design was controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanation of the studys results. Browns results suggest that me
15、n and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.One can infer from Browns results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women
16、. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.Browns results are clearly consistent with Fuchs argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better work for government than for priv
