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1、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）1. if（条件状语从句）从句谓语（if）主句谓语形式例句与现在事实相反did/werewould/could/should/might+doIf I were you,I should study English.与过去事实相反had donewould/could/should/might+have doneIf you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反didshould dowere to dowould/could/should/might+doIf
2、 it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.错综时间条件句主、从句时间不一致，动词形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。eg.：If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况“were,had,should + 主语”放句首（否定词not不能放前面）。eg.:Were I in school again，I would work harder.Had you been here earlier,you would have se
3、en him.Should there be a meeting tomorrow,I would come.注意：Were it not for the expense,I would go to Italy.(） Werent it for the expense,I would go to Italy.(）含蓄条件从句（省略if，用其他词代替）常用词：介词：with,without,but for(要不是，如果没有）；连词：or,but；副词：otherwise.eg.:Without air, there would be no living things.But for your h
4、elp,I couldnt have finished it in advance.I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would had taken part in the sports meeting.=If I hadnt been ill that day,I would had.2. wish（宾语从句）/if only(要是就好了）从句谓语形式例句与现在事实相反did/wereI wish it were spring all the year round.If only I were a bird! 与过去事实相反had doneJack drove f
5、ast and was in an accident. He said, “I wish I had driven more carefully!”.If only I had taken his advice.与将来事实相反would/could/might doI wish you could go with us tomorrow.3. would rather + 从句（表示宁愿某人在现在或将来要做某事或过去做过某事）从句谓语形式例句与现在或将来事实相反did/wereI would rather you came tomorrow.与过去事实相反had doneId rather y
6、ou hadnt been present.4. as if/as though,even if/though + 从句从句谓语形式例句与现在事实相反did/wereHe looked as if he were an artist.had done与过去事实相反He talked about the Great Wall as if he had been there before.与将来事实相反would/could/might doHe opened his mouth as if he would say something.注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能
7、成为事实，用陈述语气。 eg.:He looks as if he is going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 eg.:The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.-5.在表示“坚持、要求、命令、建议”之类的动词后的宾语从句中，用“（should）+动词原形”。Verb.注意一个“坚持”insist1. eg:She proposed that the book (should) be banned. 她提议查禁这本书。2. i
8、nsist作“立言；强调”时，不能用虚拟语气； 作“坚持（认为）；坚持（应该）”时用虚拟语气。Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 迈克强调他没有偷任何东西。He insisted that he (should) come. 他执意要她来。3. suggest表示“暗示，表明”时，用陈述语气； 表示“建议”时，用虚拟语气。Her expression suggested (表明）that she told a lie.两个“命令”ordercommand三个“建议”suggestadvicepropose四个“要求”askdeman
9、drequestrequire6. 虚拟语气用于主语从句It is (was) + adj.（或过去分词）+that+sb/sth (should) do常用的形容词natural，necessary，important，possible，strange例句It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.过去分词suggested，ordered，demanded，required，requested，proposed,advised,decided例句It has been decided that the meeting (sh
10、ould) be put off.It is (was) + 名词 + that + sb/sth (should) do常用的名词advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal,recommendation(推荐；建议），suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder例句It was a pity that you should be so careless.7. 虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句 用（should)+动词原形常用名词Idea,proposal,suggestion,order,plan,decis
11、ion,advice,desire表语从句Our plan is that we (should) have a sports meet next week.同位语从句The professor gave orders that the test (should) be finished before 5:30.8. 虚拟语气用于定语从句这种从句常用在It is (high) time (that).句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should + 动词原形（should不能省略，be用were来表示），意为“（现在）该”。谓语动词用过去式It is high time we were g
12、oing.我们现在就走。should(不能省）+ doIt is (high) time wu should leave.是我们离开的时候了。【好题珍藏】1. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often. （Pano M6 P16:15)A. lives B.would live C.has lived D.were to live【解析】主句说明了客观事实，if从句是对将来事实的假设。见“1.if
13、（条件状语从句）与将来事实相反”。【答案】D2.If Mr.Dewey present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. （Pano M6 P16:16)A.were B.had been C.should be D.was【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）与过去事实相反”。【答案】B3. no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. （Pano M
14、6 P16:17)A.Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been【解析】见“1.if（条件状语从句）条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况”。补充完整是：If there were no modern telecommunications，.【答案】A4. We would rather our daughter at home with us, but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. （Pano M6 P16:18)A. would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.sta
