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1、中考英语知识点梳理最新大全中考英语知识点梳理动词不定式动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有外表上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为 逻辑主语，其形式如下：(1)语态假设动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：Its a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.(不定式作主语是被动语态to be invited是被邀请)It was impossi
2、ble for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)在There be构造中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表
3、达的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)(2)时态1) 如今时：一般如今时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again. 我希望再见到你。2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry
4、 to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 进展时：表示动作正在进展，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进展时：She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.一般在情绪后加to do to do 也表将来编辑本段疑问词+不定式构造疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、
5、宾语、表 语等。如：When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接宾语)The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：When we
6、shall leavehow Icould learn经常在这种构造中使用的动词有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。编辑本段语法功能一、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于以下句式中。如：It+be+名词+to doIts our d
7、uty to take good care of the old.It takes sb+some time+to doHow long did it take you to finish the work?It+be+形容词+for sb+to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the position in a quarter of an hIt is stupid of you to write down everything (that) the teacher says.It seems(appears)+形容词+to doIt s
8、eemed impossible to save money.在句型中，常用表示客观情况的形容词，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等;在句型中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词。在不定式前的sb，可看作其逻辑主语。这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ，如：Its kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kin
9、d to helpme with my English.(3)举例(1) Its easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, fortable, necessary, better;the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enoughIts so nice to hear your voice.听到你的声音真快乐。Its necessary for you to loc
10、k the car when you do not use it.当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。(2) Its very kind of him to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)例句:It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。It seemed selfish of him not to give t
11、hem anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。注意：(1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型(2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。(3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is to的句型(对)To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(错)It is to believe to see.初中英语知识点副词作状语，作定语，作表语，作宾补1.副词的排列顺序1)时间，地点副词，小单位在前，大单位在后2)方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。3)多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词注意：副
12、词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词副词enough要放在形容词或副词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。2副词比较等级其变化规那么与形容词比较等级变化规那么一样。 但副词的最高级前一般不加定冠词the.3辨析：1)how long, how soon, how ofen, how farhow long: “多久，多长时间”，对一个持续的时间段提问，常对“for+时间段”和“since+时间点”进展提问。how soon: “多快，多久以后”，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常对“in+时间段”进展提问。how often: “多长时间一次”，对频率提问，常对“on
13、ce，twice,three times a week”等提问。 how far: “多远”，对间隔 提问。2)hard和hardlyhard “努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副词。 hardly ：“几乎不”，是否认副词。3)much too 和too much初中英语语法some和any的用法some 的用法some 一些，某些，某个。可代替名词和形容词。常用于肯定句。在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语。作定语时，它可以修饰单数可数名词和复数可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。1. 用于肯定句Ask some boys to help you.(修饰复数可数名词)叫些男孩来帮助你。Plea
14、se bring some coffee.(修饰不可数名词)请拿些咖啡来。Ask some girl to e here.(修饰单数可数名词)叫(某)个女孩来这儿。2. some 用于疑问句时表示“恳求、邀请或希望得到肯定的答复”。Would you like some coffee?(表示恳求、邀请)请喝咖啡。Have you some sts?(希望得到肯定的答复)你有邮票吧?any 的用法any 一些，任何。可代替名词和形容词。常用于否认句或疑问句，也可以用于条件状语从句。作定语时，它可以修饰复数形式的可数名词和不可数名词。1. 用于疑问句或否认句Are there any cows in the fields?(修饰复数形式的可数名词)田里有一些牛吗?There wont be any trouble.(修饰不可数名词)没有任何费事。2. 用于条件状语从句If there is any trouble, let me know.假设有什么费事，要让我知道。3. any 用于肯定句时，通常要重读，修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。Any time you want me, just send for me.什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来。e any day you like.只要你喜欢，随时可以来。第 页 共 页
