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1、2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for
2、each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.In conducting research on culture and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that ar
3、e meaningful and wit to the People in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concer
4、n is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.How might the emic and etic approache
5、s be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, there searchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard for whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethic minority groups. In a subsequent study the
6、re searchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class, White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying in ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover t
7、hat the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle-class White families cannot alw
8、ays be generalized to all ethnic groups.1.According to the first paragraph, researchers unfamiliar with the target cultures are inclined to（ ）.2.What does the author say about the emic approach and the etic approach?3.Compared with the etic approach, the emic approach is apparently more（ ）.4.The eti
9、c approach is concerned with（ ）.5.Which of the following is true of the ethnic minority families in the U.S. according to the passage?问题1选项A.be overcautious in constructing meaningfi.il measuresB.view them from their own cultural perspectiveC.guard against interference from their own cultureD.accept
10、 readily what is alien to their own culture问题2选项A.They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.B.The former is biased while the latter is objective.C.The former concentrates on the study of culture while the latter on family issues.D.They are both heavily dependent on questionn
11、aires in conducting surveys.问题3选项A.culturally interactiveB.culture-orientedC.culturally biasedD.culture-specific问题4选项A.the general characteristics of minority familiesB.culture-related concepts of individual ethnic groupsC.features shared by various cultures or ethnic groupsD.the economic conditions
12、 of different types of families问题5选项A.Their cultural patterns are usually more adaptable.B.Their cultural concepts are difficult to comprehend.C.They dont interact with each other so much as White families.D.They have closer family ties than White families.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。由题
13、干关键信息定位到文章一段第一句“Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture.不熟悉他们所研究的文化和种族的研究人员必须采取额外的预防措施，以摆脱他们从自己的文化带来的任何偏见。”可知研究人员很容易带着文化偏见（从自己的文化角度）去研究其他文化。B选项“从他们自己的文化角度来看待（其他文化）”
14、符合题意。2.判断推理题。the emic approach and the etic approach“主位法和非位法”出现在第二段中，“In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and wit to the People in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the et
15、ic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. 在主位方法中，研究者的目标是描述一个文化或种族群体的行为，这个行为明确对那个文化或种族群体的人来说是有意义的或智慧的，而不考虑其他文化或种族群体。在非遗传方法中，研究者的目标是描述行为，以便对不同文化群里中的行为进行归纳。”也就是说，这两种方法的区别在于侧重点不同，因此，A选项“他们对民族问题的研究重点不同”正确。3.事实细节题。由上题分析可知，the emic approach专注于对特定文化群体
16、的行为进行描述，因此D选项“文化特异性”正确。A选项“文化互动性”；B选项“文化导向性”；C选项“文化偏见性”。4.事实细节题。由27题分析可知，the etic approach专注于比对不同文化群体的行为特征，因此C选项“不同文化或民族的共同特征”符合题意。5.判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“In studying in ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families tha
