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1、常用缓冲溶液的配制&缓冲溶液原理（一）甘氨酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X毫升0.2 mol/L甘氨酸Y毫升0.2 mol/L HCl，再加水稀释至200毫升。pHXYpHXY2.25044.03.05011.42.45032.43.2508.22.65024.23.4506.42.85016.83.6505.0甘氨酸分子量75.07。0.2 mol/L甘氨酸溶液含15.01 g/L。（二）邻苯二甲酸-盐酸缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X毫升0.2 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾Y毫升0.2 mol/L HCl，再加水稀释至20毫升。 pH(20)XYpH (20)XY2.254.6703.
2、251.4702.453.9603.450.9902.653.2952.650.5972.852.6423.850.2633.052.032邻苯二甲酸氢钾分子量204.23。0.2 mol/L邻苯二甲酸氢钾溶液含40.85 g/L。（三）磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸缓冲液 pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)2.22.42.62.83.03.23.43.63.84.04.24.44.64.85.00.401.242.183.174.114.945.706.447.107.718.2
3、88.829.359.8610.3019.6018.7617.8216.8315.8915.0614.3013.5612.9012.2911.7211.1810.6510.149.705.25.45.65.86.06.26.46.66.87.07.27.47.67.88.010.7211.1511.6012.0912.6313.2213.8514.5515.4516.4717.3918.1718.7319.1519.459.288.858.407.917.376.786.155.454.553.532.611.831.270.850.55Na2HPO4分子量141.98；0.2 mol/L溶液
4、为28.40 g/L。Na2HPO42H2O分子量178.05；0.2 mol/L溶液为35.61 g/L。Na2HPO412H2O分子量358.22；0.2 mol/L溶液为71.64 g/L。C6H8O7H2O分子量210.14；0.1 mol/L溶液为21.01 g/L。（四）柠檬酸-氢氧化钠-盐酸缓冲液 pH钠离子浓度(mol/L)柠檬酸 (g)C6H8O7H2O氢氧化钠 (g)NaOH 97盐酸 (mL)HCl (浓)最终体积(L)2.20.2021084160103.10.2021083116103.30.2021083106104.30.202108345105.30.35245
5、14468105.80.45285186105106.50.3826615612610 使用时可以每升中加入1克酚，若最后pH值有变化，再用少量50氢氧化钠溶液或浓盐酸调节，冰箱保存。（五）柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液（0.1 mol/L） pH0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸钠 (mL)pH0.1 mol/L柠檬酸 (mL)0.1 mol/L柠檬酸钠 (mL)3.018.61.45.08.211.83.217.22.85.27.312.73.416.04.05.46.413.63.614.95.15.65.514.53.814.06.05.84.715.34.013.16
6、.96.03.816.24.212.37.76.22.817.24.411.48.66.42.018.04.610.39.76.61.418.64.89.210.8柠檬酸：C6H8O7H2O分子量210.14 ；0.1 mol/L溶液为21.01 g/L。柠檬酸钠：Na3C6H5O72H2O分子量294.12 ；0.1 mol/L溶液为29.41 g/L。（六）醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液（0.2 mol/L） pH(18)0.2 mol/LNaAc (mL)0.2 mol/LHAc (mL)pH(18)0.2 mol/LNaAc (mL)0.2 mol/LHAc (mL)3.60.759.354.85
7、.904.103.81.208.805.07.003.004.01.808.205.27.902.104.22.657.355.48.601.404.43.706.305.69.100.904.64.905.105.86.400.60NaAc3H2O分子量136.09；0.2 mol/L溶液为27.22 g/L。冰乙酸11.8 mL稀释至1 L（需标定）。（七）磷酸二氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X 毫升 0.2 mol/L KH2PO4+Y毫升0.2 mol/L NaOH 加水稀释至20毫升。 pH (20)X (mL)Y (mL)pH (20)X (mL)Y (mL)5.85
8、0.3727.052.9636.050.5707.253.5006.250.8607.453.9506.451.2607.654.2806.651.7807.854.5206.852.3658.054.680（八）磷酸盐缓冲液 磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲液（0.2 mol/L） pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.2 mol/LNaH2PO4 (mL)pH0.2 mol/LNa2HPO4 (mL)0.2 mol/LNaH2PO4 (mL)5.88.092.07.061.039.05.910.090.07.167.033.06.012.387.77.272.028.06.115.0
9、85.07.377.023.06.218.581.57.481.019.06.322.577.57.584.016.06.426.573.57.687.013.06.531.568.57.789.510.56.637.562.57.891.58.56.743.556.57.993.07.06.849.051.08.094.75.36.955.045.0Na2HPO42H2O分子量178.05；0.2 mol/L溶液为35.61 g/L。Na2HPO412H2O分子量358.22；0.2 mol/L溶液为71.64 g/L。NaH2PO4H2O分子量138.01；0.2 mol/L溶液为27.6
10、 g/L。NaH2PO42H2O分子量156.03；0.2 mol/L溶液为31.21 g/L。（九）巴比妥纳-盐酸缓冲液 pH（18）0.04 mol/L巴比妥钠(mL)0.2 mol/LHCl (mL)PH（18）0.04 mol/L巴比妥钠(mL)0.2 mol/LHCl (mL)6.810018.48.41005.217.010017.88.61003.827.210016.78.81002.527.410015.39.01001.657.610013.49.21001.137.810011.479.41000.708.01009.399.61000.358.21007.21巴比妥钠分
11、子量206.18；0.04 mol/L溶液为8.25 g/L。（十）Tris-HCl缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）50毫升0.1mol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷（Tris）溶液与X毫升0.1mol/L盐酸混匀并稀释至100毫升。 pH (25)X (mL)pH (25)X (mL)7.1045.78.1026.27.2044.78.2022.97.3043.48.3019.97.4042.08.4017.27.5040.38.5014.77.6038.58.6012.47.7036.68.7010.37.8034.58.808.57.9032.08.907.08.0029.2Tris分子量121.1
12、4 ；0.1 mol/L溶液为12.114 g/L。Tris溶液可从空气中吸收二氧化碳，使用时注意将瓶盖严。（十一）、硼酸-硼砂缓冲液 (0.2 mol/L硼酸根) pH0.05 mol/L硼砂 (mL)0.2 mol/L硼酸 (mL)pH0.05 mol/L硼砂 (mL)0.2 mol/L硼酸 (mL)7.41.09.08.23.56.57.61.58.58.44.55.57.82.08.08.76.04.08.03.07.09.08.02.0硼砂：Na2B4O710H2O分子量381.43；0.05 mol/L溶液（等于0.2 mol/L硼酸根）含19.07 g/L。硼酸：H3BO3分子量61.84；0.2 mol/L的溶液为12.37 g/L。硼砂易失去结晶水，必须在带塞的瓶中保存。（十二）甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲液（0.05 mol/L）X
