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1、2. Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes 不同的国家有不同的英语（下划线部分为句子主干）Voyages of people from England play an important part in spreading the English language. At present, English is frequently spoken as an official or common language in many countries, such as America, Singapore, Malaysia
2、and some African countries. All based on British English, （过去分词短语做状语） the English spoken in these countries can be well understood by native English speakers. But actually, these Englishes have been gradually changing （现在完成 进行时） in accents, spellings, expressions and the usage of vocabulary. I.voyag
3、e vondj n.航行；航程；旅行记vi.航行；航海vt.飞过；渡过 n. （名词） C 航行,航海,航天 long journey, especially by sea or in space He aims to follow Columbuss voyage to the West Indies.他打算沿着哥伦布的航程到达西印度群岛。maiden voyage n. 初航，首航，处女航 sea voyage 远航，航海词义辨析n. （名词） voyage, journey, tour, travel, trip 这组词的共同意思是 “旅行”“ 游 历”“观光”“游程”。其区别是：jou
4、rney多指有目的地的陆上长途旅行，有时也指水上或空中旅行，其距离远近、 时间长短、旅行的目的和方式均不限,并不表示是否要返回出发地,是正式用语。 voyage主要指水上或空中旅行，也是正式用语。例如:They made a voyage across the Pacific by air.他们乘飞机越过太平洋。 With a fair sea voyage and a fair land journey, you will be soon at his side.经过一段舒服的海上航行和陆上旅行,你很快就会到他身边。trip是非正式用语，可以代替journey和voyage,但trip常指时
5、间较短、距离较近 的旅行,旅行方式不变,并且意味着旅行结束后还要回到原来的地方。例如: He went on a trip to the nearest seaside resort during his holidays. 他曾到最近 的海滨胜地度假。tour指根据一定的路线，事先预定了一些逗留地点，旅行结束后仍回原地的旅游, 其主要目的多为观光、视察或进行其他活动,路程一般都比较长。例如:They went on a tour round the world last year.去年他们周游了世界。travel意思广泛，可以表示不论时间长短,不论路途远近，不论为了什么目的或使 用什么交通工
6、具的旅行或游历,它可与本组其余的词通用。2. play a /an.part装腔骗人；扮演角色；在中起一份作用play a leading part 发挥了主导作用 ; 担任主角 ; 扮演主角 ; 发挥领导作用play a major part 起重要作用 play a central part 起关键作用3. spreadv. 传播；展开；散布；铺开；伸展；涂撒 n. 范围；传播；差额；幅度；盛宴v. (动词) vt. & vi. 伸开,展开,摊开 become widervt. & vi. 传播,散布 (cause to) become widely knownn. (名词) S 传播,蔓
7、延 the act or action of spreadingC 幅度,范围 a range or area over which sth spreadsU 涂抹食品的酱 a soft food for spreading on bread, etc.C 整版的文章,整版的广告 a newspaper or magazine article or advertisement usually covering one or more pages and with pictures1) The radio spread the news as soon as the accident happe
8、ned . 事故一发生,收音机就把这条消息传播出去了。2) The rumor was widely spread among the crowd. 谣言在人群当中广泛地传播开 来。3) Tv has become a more powerful vehicle for the spread of news. 电视已成为影响力更大的传播消息的媒介。4) The wings of the bird have a 12-inch spread. 这鸟的翼展有十二英寸。spread with (v.+prep.)用涂了满 extend sth with sth spread sth with sth
9、Did you spread the bread with butter? 你在面包上抹黄油了吗?spread over (v.+prep.) 分散； 传开 extend over spread over sthThe disease spread over the whole country. 这种疾病在全国传播开了。spread sth over sthShe spread her toys all over her room. 她在她屋里到处放玩具。4. at present目前，现在5. frequen frizkwont adj.频繁的；经常的vt.常到；常去adv. frequen
10、tly 频繁地，经常地；时常，屡次n. frequency 频率；频繁 frequenter 常客；常常来访者6. official ofijl adj.官方的；正式的；公务的n.官员；公务员；高级职员n.(名词)C官员 person who holds a public office (e.g. in national or government) adj. (形容词) 公务的,公职的,职权的 of or concerning a position of authority or trust官方的,正式的,官方认可的 said, done, etc. with authority; reco
11、gnized by authority1) She accused the official of corruption. 她指控那位官员腐败。2) The man with glasses is a high official. 那个戴眼镜的人是一位高级官员。3) The official announcement was made a day or two later. 一两天后官方发表了公 告。4) The President wanted to make an official visit to the country.这位总统希望对那个国家进行正式访问。词义辨析：officer，of
12、ficial这两个名词均含“官员”之意。officer主要指军官或警官，有时也指文职官员或高级职员。official通常指文 职官员，公职人员，有时也指军官或警官。7. common knmanadj. 常见的；共同的；普通的；平常的；平凡的；粗俗的 n. 公地；平民；普通； 公园普遍的,常见的 usual or familiar happening or found often and in many place 公有的,共有的,共同的 shared by, done by or affecting two or more people 一般的,平常的 ordinarycommon as a
13、n old shoe 平易近人的，虚怀若谷的 easy closedcommon ground 共同利益信念 general interest or faithcommon knowledge 人所共知的事 general knowledgecommon sense 普通的见识，常识 general sensecommon touch平易近人的，亲近和睦的easy closed词义辨析：common, general, normal, ordinary这四个词都有“普通的”“常见的”意思。其区别是：common强调许多事物具有某种共同点而“不足为奇”;general指普遍于大多数人 或事物中，
14、有“较少例外”的含义;normal形容人或物“符合常态或常规”;ordinary指 与一般事物的性质标准相同，强调“平常”而无奇特之处。例如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。This is a matter of general interest.这是人们普遍感兴趣的问题。A normal heart beats around seventy-six times a minute. 正常的心脏每分钟跳动 76 次左右。He worked neither for fame nor fortune and always fought at his ordin
15、ary post.他不为名、不为利，始终战斗在平凡的岗位上。8 basebeisn.底部；基地；基础；基数；基线；（棒球）垒；化碱vt以.作基础adj.卑 鄙的；不道德的n.（名词）C基础，底座 the bottom part of sth; the part that sth stands onC基地,根据地 the place that you start from and go back tov.（动词）vt. 把建立在，以为基础 place or establish; provide with a base or centrebase on （upon（v.+prep.） 使建立在基础上 build or place; use as a basis for base oneself/sth on upon sthWe must base ourselves on the interests of the people. 我们一定要从人民的利益 出发。We based our conclusion on facts. 我们是以事实作为我们结论的依据的。These criticisms are based on misunderstanding. 这些评论完全是出于误解。9. nativeneitiv adj.本国的；本土的；当地的n. 土著；本地人；本国人 adj.（形容
