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1、大学英语四、六级翻译试题语法解析第一讲 虚拟语气虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1. (should)+动词原形的情形(已考)2. if或but for等引导的条件句(已考)3. wish, if only, it is time的用法(should)+动词原形的情形1.1在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, per
2、suade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她坚持要预定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他劝我们派人请医生。注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director
3、.真题重现【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)1.2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan（1.1中所述动词对应的名词）等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中He issued the order that the troops (should)
4、 withdraw at once. 他命令部队马上撤退。1.3在形容词important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短语no wonder, a pity等可以构成“It is +形容词（名词）+that”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必须立即采取行动。真题重现【CET-6:2007.6
5、】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剥夺了受教育的权利).参考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.if或but for等引导的条件句if引导虚拟条件句的用法条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词(had done)would have done与将来事实相反一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形 He w
6、ouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。（与现在事实相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么
7、成功的。（与过去事实相反）If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home.but for=if it were not for/if it had not been forlBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.真题重现【CET-4:2006.12】The victim _(本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time 参考答案：would
8、have survived【CET-6:2007.12】But for mobile phone, _.我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)参考答案：our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient.【CET-6:2007.1】If you had _(听从了我的忠告， 你就不会陷入麻烦). 参考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been in trouble.It is (high, about) time 句型要求用虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式
9、，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.something was done/some measures were taken动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反were或动词的一般过去式与过去事实相反had done或would/could have done将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望would/should(could, might)+动词原形I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。I wish you would go with us
10、 tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。if only后用虚拟语气（要是就太好了）现在没有实现的愿望一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望过去完成式If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages! 我要是能讲几种外语就好了！第二讲 从句从句的内容非常庞杂，该专题主要讲解在翻译题可能考察的名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。一、名词性从句名词从句是指行使名
11、词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及补语从句。1主语从句从句作主语主语从句主要由that, what, whether, how以及其它词引导，还有就是由代词it作形式主语。That he survived the accident is a miracle.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。特别提示：尽管that并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主语从句的功能，在这里不可或缺。What he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.他喜欢做的事情被社会所忽视，认为毫无价值，无足轻重。
12、How he managed to finish the job is of interest to us all.他是如何设法完成这项工作的，我们对此都很感兴趣。Whether the results will be valuable depends partly on our attitudes towards it. 结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的态度。特别提示：whether引导的主语从句位于句首时，whether不能由if代替。2宾语从句从句作宾语。The court decisions have ordered that public schools take the
13、necessary steps to provide that education. 法院裁决责令公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供这种教育。I cant understand why he avoided speaking to me. 我不理解他为什么不跟我说话。真题重现【CET-4：2007.12】Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.参考答案：is measured by how much they can loan3表语从句
14、从句作表语The next question we have to decide is when we have to submit the annual report. 我们必须决定的下一个问题是，什么时候我们必须呈交年度报告。真题重现【CET-4：2007.12】 In my sixties, one change I notice is that _(我比以前更容易累了)。参考答案：I am more likely to get tired than before4同位语从句从句作同位语同位语从句在句中作同位语，对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。特点：抽象名词在前，表达具体内容的从句在后。
15、常见的包括：agreement, assumption(假设), belief, conclusion, decision, determination, discovery, dream, evidence, explanation, fact, guess, hope, idea, knowledge, likelihood, message, mind, news, notion(观念), opinion, possibility, prediction(预言), proposal, proposition(论点，主张), suggestion, rumor, theory, thought, truthI have no doubt that he will overcome
