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1、word2014软件工程各章节重点知识点（按考试大纲总结）第1章 ：软件工程的畴THE SCOPE OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING1掌握软件工程、软件危机、生命周期的概念 1%Software engineering is a discipline学科 aim is the production生产 of software.fault-free;delivered on time ;within budget;satisfies the clients needs;be easy to modify when the needs changeSoftware crisis:th
2、e quality of software was unacceptably low,deadlines and budgets were not being met.Life-cycle model:The steps to follow遵循 when building构建 software,A theoretical description理论描述 of what should be done.Life cycle:The actual steps实际步骤 performed执行 on a specific具体 product.2掌握维护的3种分类并能够结合具体例子进行判断 1%Postd
3、elivery maintenance:Corrective纠错性 maintenance;Perfective完善性 maintenance;Adaptive适应性 maintenanceCorrective纠错性 maintenance:removal去除 of residual faults残留错误 ;leaving the specifications规格说明文档 unchangedPerfective完善性 maintenance:additional functionality额外功能;decreased response time减少响应时间Adaptive适应性 mainten
4、ance:changes made in response to changes in the environment3掌握为什么没有计划、文档和测试阶段 1%Why There Is No Planning Phase计划阶段, Testing Phase测试阶段 or Documentation Phase文档阶段?Planning, continual持续的 testing and documentation activities活动 are carried out执行 throughout贯穿于 the life cycle.There is no separate独立的 planni
5、ng, testing or documentation phase.This testing is the responsibility职责 of Every software professional专业人员, and The software quality assurance group软件质量保证小组(SQA group) Documentation Must Always be Current:Key individuals may leave before the documentation is plete.We cannot perform a phase without h
6、aving the documentation of the previous phase.We cannot test without documentation.We cannot maintain without documentation.4掌握软件工程的传统生命周期模型（瀑布模型）的阶段划分和各阶段的主要任务1%Classical(Waterfall瀑布) Life-Cycle Model 1. Requirements phaseExplore研究 the concept概念;Elicit提取 the clients requirements客户需求2. Analysis (spe
7、cification) phaseAnalyze分析 the clients requirements;Draw up制定 the specification document规格说明文档(specifications);Draw up the software project management plan软件项目管理计划(SPMP);“What the product is supposed期望 to do”3. Design phaseArchitectural design结构设计, followed by;Detailed design详细设计;“How the product do
8、es it”4. Implementation phaseCoding编码;Unit testing单元测试;Integration集成;Acceptance testing验收测试5. Postdelivery maintenanceCorrective纠错性 maintenance;Perfective完善性 maintenance;Adaptive适应性 maintenance6. Retirement5掌握传统的维护观念与现代的维护观念之间的区别1%Classical maintenance is Development-then-maintenance model开发-维护 模型Th
9、is is a temporal时间性 definition,Classification归类 as development or maintenance depends on取决于 when an activity is performed.Modern Maintenance is nowadays defined as:The process过程 that occurs when a software artifact软件制品 is modified被修改 because of a problem or because of a need for improvement改善 or ada
10、ptation适应.Maintenance occurs whenever software is modified修改.Regardless of不管 whether this takes place before or after installation of the software product.Modern maintenance is corrective, perfective, or adaptive maintenance performed at any time.第2章 ：软件生命周期模型SOFTWARE LIFE-CYCLE MODELS1 掌握编码-修补模型、瀑布
11、模型、快速原型开发模型、开源模型、敏捷过程模型、同步-稳定模型、螺旋模型等这些模型的模型图（如果有图的话）以及优缺点和适用场合，并能绘制。5-10%Code-and-Fix Model代码-修复模型1.without requirements or specifications or design2.may work well on short programming exercises较短的编程练习 (100 or 200 lines)3.the easiest way to develop software and by far目前 the worst wayWaterfall Model
12、1. with feedback loops2. documentation driven文档驱动no phase is plete until the documentation for that phase has been pleted;The waterfall model, depending on依赖于 specifications, can lead to导致 the products that do not meet the clients needs.Rapid Prototyping Model快速原型1. linear development2. rapid3. meet
13、 the clients needOpen-Source Life-Cycle Modelpostdelivery maintenance life-cycle model Two informal非形式的 phasesCore group核心小组 Peripheral group外围小组Open-source software is generally maintained by unpaid volunteers志愿者Users may submit defect reports缺陷报告, both failure reports and fault reportsAn initial w
14、orking version is produced when using The rapid-prototyping model;The code-and-fix model; and The open-source life-cycle modelThen:Rapid-prototyping model:The initial version is discarded丢弃Code-and-fix model and open-source life-cycle model:The initial version bees the target product目标产品Agile Proces
15、ses敏捷过程stories特性;pair programming成对编程;Extreme programming极限编程:XP is one of a number of new paradigms collectively referred to as统称为 agile processes.A principle原则 of XP is to minimize最小化 the number of features.One way of achieving this is to use timeboxing时光盒技术Another mon feature of agile processes i
16、s stand-up meetings站立会议Stand-up meetings and timeboxing techniques are instances实例 of two basic principles原则 that underlie应用 all agile methods敏捷方法:ommunication沟通;satisfying the clients needs as quickly as possible尽可能快地1. Agile processes have had some successes with small-scale小型 software development 2. Agile processes ar
