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1、2022年考博英语-南京艺术学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.自新中国成立以来，南京发生的巨大而深刻的变化令人欢欣鼓舞。从1949年4 月23日开始，人民真正成为这座古老城市的主人。人民在自己的土地上辛勤劳作， 把古城南京装扮得面貌一新，特别是近十几年，改革开放又给这座美丽的名城注入了新的活力，崭新的工作、通达的运输、如画的城市建设、兴盛的第三产业、多彩的文化生活，都使这个具有古都特色的现代化城市焕发出勃勃英姿。南京，这座古老而又年轻的历史文化名城，是多么可爱！“儿时”的可爱是“无知”。那时
2、侯，件件都是“知”，你每天可以做大科学家 和大哲学家，每天在发现什么新的现象，新的真理。现在呢？什么都已经知道了， 熟悉了，每个人的脸都已经看厌了。宇宙和社会是那么陈旧，无味，虽然它们其实比“儿时”新鲜得多了。我于是想念“儿时”，祷告“儿时 不能够前进的吋候， 就愿意退后几步,替自己恢复己经走过的前途。请求“无知”回来，给我求知的快乐。【答案】Great and profound changes have taken place in Nanjing since the foundation of New China. The common people have become the gen
3、uine masters of this old city since April 23, 1949. The people of Nanjing who have been working hard on their own land have given this age-old city a new appearance. Especially for the past ten years or more, Chinas reform and opening-up policy has brought more fresh vigor to this beautiful and famo
4、us city. New jobs, efficient transportation networks extending in all directions, picturesque city construction, prosperous tertiary industries and various and colorful cultural lives, have added charm and vitality to this modern city which retains somehow the features of an ancient capital. How lov
5、ely Nanjinga historic and cultural city which is old and young is!The childhoods loveliness is ignorant. During that period, everything was new to us, and every day we could be a great scientist or philosopher; each day we discovered new phenomena and new truths. How about now? Now everything is fam
6、iliar to us, but were tired of looking at everybodys face. The universe and society are so old and tasteless, although they are much fresher than childhood. Then I miss my childhood and pray for it. When we cannot advance any more, we like to take a few steps back to restore the future we have passe
7、d. We ask for the return of “childish ignorance” to let us re-experience the joy of knowledge-seeking.2. 单选题Between 1815 and 1915, more than 30 million immigrants arrived in the United States. These were people from other countries who came to make the United States their home.Immigrants came for ma
8、ny reasons. Some were driven away from home by hardships such as hunger, poverty, overpopulation, or political and religious troubles. Some were attracted to the United States by the promise of a better life. They had heard stories about cheap land, high wages, and even about streets paved with gold
9、. Some came because of the promise of greater freedom in this new nation.In the mid-1800s, the United States needed workers almost everywhere. Workers were needed to build railroads and bridges. They were needed in the slaughterhouses of Chicago and in the iron and coal mines of Ohio and Pennsylvani
10、a. They were needed in factories and on farms. They were needed to build homes and buildings in the growing cities. American companies advertised in Europe for people to come to the United States.There were two periods when immigrants came in greater numbers than usual. Between 1815 and 1860, large
11、numbers of people came from northern Europe. The largest groups were Irish and Germans. Some Asians, mostly Chinese, also came during this time.In 1815, Ireland was the most crowded country in Europe. Most people had no land and little food or money. Families would send their younger members to the
12、United States. The young people in turn, would find jobs and send money home. Then the whole family would move to the United States. In the 1840s, the potato crops failed in Ireland. Everywhere people died of starvation and fewer. Within ten years, 1.5 million Irish people left for the United States
13、.Most Irish immigrants landed in Northern port cities such as Boston, New York, and Philadelphia. They did not have enough money to buy farms. Most settled in the poorest areas of these cities. Irish people got the worst jobs and lowest pay. The men dug canals, built roads and railroads, and worked
14、in textile factories. The women worked in factories or as household servants.Most German immigrants could move on from the Eastern port cities. Many bought farms in the Midwest or started business in the newer Western cities of Detroit, Milwaukee, and Chicago.The gold rush of 1849 brought many Chine
15、se to California. Floods, typhoons, and hunger had forced many Chinese to leave their homes. From United States merchant ships reaching China, they heard about high wages and gold. In 1850 alone, 25,000 young Chinese arrived in California. The Chinese worked in the gold mines. They helped build the
16、first railroad to cross the nation, which was finished in 1869. Later, they worked in lumbering, fishing, and canning companies, and on farms in California.The second great wave of immigrants came mostly from eastern and southern Europe between 1890 and 1910. Giant factories and businesses in the United States needed more and more workers. After 1900, as many as 15,000 people would arrive in one day.Many of these immigrants were Jews fr
