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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The annual review of American company board practices by Korn Ferry, a firm of headhunters, is a useful indicator of the health of corporate governance. This years review, published on November 12th, shows that the Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in 2002 to try t
2、o prevent a repeat of corporate collapses such as Enrons and WorldCom, has had an impact on the boardroomalbeit at an average implementation cost that Korn Ferry estimates at $5.l m per firm.Two years ago, only 41% of American firms said they regularly held meetings of directors without their chief
3、executive present this year the figure was 93%. But some things have been surprisingly unaffected by the backlash against corporate scandals. For example, despite a growing feeling that former chief executives should not sit on their companys board, the percentage of American firms where they do has
4、 actually edged up, from 23% in 2003 to 25% in 2004.Also, disappointingly few firms have split the jobs of chairman and chief executive. Another survey of American boards published this week, by A.T. Kearney, a firm of consultants, found that in 2002 14% of the boards of S&P 500 firms had separated
5、the roles, and a further 16% said they planned to do so. But by 2004 only 23% overall had taken the plunge. A survey earlier in the year by consultants at McKinsey found that 70% of American directors and investors supported the idea of splitting the jobs, which is standard practice in Europe.Anothe
6、r disappointment is the slow progress in abolishing staggered boardsones where only one-third of the directors are up for reelection each year, to three-year terms. Invented as a defense against takeover, such boards, according to a new Harvard Law School study by Lucian Bebchuk and Alma Cohen, are
7、unambiguously “associated with an economically significant reduction in firm value”.Despite this, the percentage of S & P 500 firms with staggered boards has fallen only slightlyfrom 63% in 2001 to 60% in 2003, according to the Investor Responsibility Research Centre. And many of those firms that ha
8、ve been forced by shareholders to abolish the system are doing so only slowly. Merck, a pharmaceutical company in trouble over the possible side-effects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allowing its directors to run their full term before introducing a system in which they are all reelected (or other
9、wise) annually. Other companies staggered boards are entrenched in their corporate charters, which cannot be amended by a shareholders vote. Anyone who expected the scandals of 2001 to bring about rapid change in the balance of power between managers and owners was, at best, naive.56. The Sarbanes-O
10、xley act is most probably about _.57. The word “backlash” most probably means _.58. According to the text, separating the roles between chairman and chief executive is _.59. We learn from the text that a “staggered” board _.60. Toward the board practice of American companies, the writers attitude ca
11、n be said to be _.问题1选项A.corporate costB.corporate scandalC.corporate governanceD.corporate management问题2选项A.a violent forceB.a strong impetusC.a firm measureD.a strong negative reaction问题3选项A.what many European companies doB.not a popular idea among American entrepreneursC.a common practice in Amer
12、ican companiesD.a must to keep the health of a company问题4选项A.can be vote down by shareholdersB.gives its board members too much powerC.has been abolished by most American companiesD.is adverse to the increment of firm value问题5选项A.objectiveB.pessimisticC.biasedD.critical【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【
13、解析】56.判断推理题。题干“Sarbanes-Oxley法案最有可能是关于_的”，可定位到第1段第2句This years review, published on November 12th, shows that the Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in 2002 to try to prevent a repeat of corporate collapses such as Enrons and WorldCom, has had an impact on the boardroom（今年11月12日公布的审查结果显示，Sarbanes-Oxley法案对董事
14、会产生了影响。Sarbanes-Oxley法案于2002年通过，旨在防止像Enron和WorldCom这样的公司倒闭事件重演。）由此可知，审查发现，该法案防止公司倒闭的措施对董事会产生了影响。根据此句前一句The annual review of American company board practices by Korn Ferry, a firm of headhunters, is a useful indicator of the health of corporate governance.（猎头公司Korn Ferry对美国公司董事会做法的年度评估，是衡量公司治理健康与否的有用
15、指标。）由此可知，该审查是衡量corporate governance（企业管治）的，由此推断，该法案是关于corporate governance（企业管治）的，C选项“corporate governance（企业管治）”与原文表述一致。干扰选项D “corporate management（企业管理经营）”，与原文表述有出入，由于原文使用的是corporate governance，所以，C选项比D选项更合适；A选项“企业成本”、B选项“企业丑闻”不符合语境，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。57.词义推测题。根据题干关键词定位到第2段第2句But some things have been surprisingly unaffected by the backlash against corporate scandals.（但令人惊讶的是，一些事情没有受到对企业丑闻的_的影响。）后文有针对该观点进行举例。For example, despite a growing feeling that former chief executives should not sit on their companys board, the percentage of American firms where they do has actually edged up, from 23% in
