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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Changing the computer system would entail substantial periods of retraining.问题1选项A.withholdB.extendC.overtakeD.impose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。entail表示“使需要，承担，引起”；A项withhold“保留，隐瞒”，B项extend“延伸，扩大”，C项overtake“改善，压倒”，D项impose“利用，强加”。句意：改变计算机系统将需要大量的再培训时间。根据句意可知，“需要大量的时间”相当于
2、“延长时间”，故该题选择B项正确。2. 单选题The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.问题1选项A.without any objectionsB.in the ultimateC.in the backgroundtD.against heavy odds【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。unanimously表示“全体一致地”；A项without any objections“没有任何异议”，B项in the ultimate“终于”，C项in the bac
3、kground“在后面，在幕后”，D项against heavy odds“敌众我寡”。句意：由于一些参议员的大力游说，这项法案获得一致通过。根据句意可知，“一致”相当于“没有任何异议”，故该题选择A项正确。3. 单选题Scientists have achieved findings substantial enough to remove our fear of GM foods.问题1选项A.abundantB.controversialC.conduciveD.convincing【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。substantial表示“大量的，实质的”；A项abundant“丰富
4、的，充裕的”，B项controversial“有争议的，有争论的”，C项conducive“有益的，有助于的”，D项convincing“令人信服的”。句意：科学家们已经取得了足以消除我们对转基因食品恐惧的重大发现。根据前面的findings（发现）可知只有D项的意思与划线部分的意思相近，所以D项正确。4. 单选题The uniform system of time-keeping in the United States was not established until the late nineteenth century.问题1选项A.personalB.efficientC.cons
5、istentD.practical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。uniform表示“统一的，一致的”；A项personal“个人的”，B项efficient“有效的”，C项consistent“始终如一的，一致的”，D项practical“实际的”。句意：直到19世纪后期，美国才建立统一的计时制度。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。5. 单选题The sun is so large that if it were（ ）, it would hold a million earths.问题1选项A.elegantB.immenseC.hollowD.clumsy【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析
6、。A项elegant“高雅的，优雅的，讲究的”，B项immense“巨大的，广大的，无边无际的”，C项hollow“空的，中空的”，D项clumsy“适合于”。根据句子可知空格部分的句子是真实条件状语从句，句子意思是“太阳是如此之大，如果它是，它将容纳一百万个地球”，可以推测，在四个选项中，空格处填入“空的”符合语境。句意：太阳是如此之大，如果它是中空的，它可以容纳一百万个地球。因此，该题C项正确。6. 翻译题One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts different societie
7、s and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects people to people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Some cultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even
8、 humiliated by this close contact, which, among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world in relation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most devastating forces today the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizations w
9、hich have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.【答案】答：世界扁平化的一个意想不到的后果是，它使不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间联系的速度之快使人和社会措手不及。一些文化因全球亲密关系突然带来的合作机会而蓬勃发展。另一些文化则因为这种亲密接触而感到沮丧，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是这种亲密接触的后果之一：使人们轻易地发现彼此在世界中的位置。所有这些都有助于解释为什么出现了当今最具破坏性的力量之一自杀式炸弹袭击者和其他恐怖主义组织，他们不顾人的生命，消灭他们最符
10、合我们的利益。7. 单选题The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.问题1选项A.joinedB.ascribedC.fastenedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。attach表示“依附，附加”，attach importance to表示“重视，着重于”；A项join“参加”，B项ascribe“归因于，归咎于”，C项fasten“使之固定”，D项divert“转移”。句意：公众对房价将得到控制的消息非常重视
11、。根据句意可知，只有ascribe能与great importance匹配，故该题B项正确。8. 单选题Having been an office secretary for some years, she always（ ）chores in a responsible way.问题1选项A.goes onB.goes forC.goes withoutD.goes about【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A项go on“继续”，B项go for“主张，拥护”，C项go without“没有也行”，D项go about表示“着手做，从事”。句意：她当了几年办公室秘书，做事总是很负责任。因此
12、D项正确。9. 单选题The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously（ ） relations between the two countries.问题1选项A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项tumble“摔倒，倒塌”，B项jeopardize“危害，使陷危地”，C项manipulate“操作，操纵”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。根据句子关键词disagreement over trade restrictions（关于贸易限制
13、的分歧）和relations（关系）可猜测，空格部分表示“贸易分歧恶化了关系”，因此四个选项中只有jeopardize符合。句意：贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国关系。因此，该题选择B项正确。10. 单选题Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to（1）even from the high educational institutions.In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board,（2）at state universities
14、 rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which（3）more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services a
15、t universities have risen rapidly. Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health（4）, and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also（5）. At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now its $9. The US government often provides （6）assistance to students lunch in primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually dont（7）universities.Some stude
