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1、2022年考博英语-山西大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Without clear guidelines（ ）, executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss what to do.问题1选项A.in orderB.in placeC.in needD.in trouble【答案】B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A选项in order“有序的，整齐的”；B选项in place“合适的，在合适的位置，执行的，设立的”；C选项in need“需要的，需要帮忙的”；D选项in trouble“有麻烦”。句意：在没有（ ）明确的指导方针的情
2、况下，医院的管理人员有时不知所措。A、C和D选项明显不符合题意，因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Theres a whole（ ）of bills waiting to be paid.问题1选项A.stockB.stackC.numberD.sequence【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。4个选项都有“大量”的意思。A选项stock“储备物；备用物；供应物”，指储存以后拿来用的物品，a stock of“一批，大量储备”；B选项stack“大量；许多；一大堆”，指数量很多的物品，a stack of“一堆，一摞”；C选项number“大量”，a number of“一些，许多”，搭配可数名词复数
3、形式；D选项sequence“序列，顺序”，指有先后顺序和连贯的事物，a sequence of“一系列，一连串”。句意：有一大堆的账单等着你去付。There is 是单数形式，结合语境中一大堆的账单和词组用法，a stack of“一堆”和bills“账单搭配”。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other, more
4、surprising causes.Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feed
5、ing on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide.Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen-rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfide producing bacteria gains
6、 the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”.Alcohol, hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exerciseanything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though its not understood why. Some peoples breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.Sali
7、va flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us, file simple, dry-mouth variety of bad
8、 breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath. Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry-mouth bad breath becau
9、se it clears away many of the offending bacteria.Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad-breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is they dont
10、 necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus. If the mouthwash contains alcoholas most doit can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.1.The underlined phrase “emanate from” in (Sent. 2, Para. 1) most probably means “（ ）”.
11、2.Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?3.According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because（ ）.4.Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because（ ）.5.We can infer from this passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.thrive onB.accou
12、nt forC.originate fromD.descend from问题2选项A.Tooth trouble.B.Sulfur-rich food.C.Too much exercise.D.Mental strain.问题3选项A.it keeps offending bacteria from reproducingB.its smell adds to bad breathC.it kills some helpfulD.it affects the normal flow of saliva问题4选项A.they cant mask the bad odor long enough
13、B.they cant get to all the offending bacteriaC.their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worseD.they cant cover the thick layers of mucus问题5选项A.offensive breath cant easily be curedB.elderly people are less offended by bad breathC.heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breathD.offensive
14、 breath is less affected by alcohol【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.词义推测题。根据第一段第二句offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth（口臭来自口腔中的细菌），可知C选项“源自”符合题意，故C选项正确。A选项“靠，以”，B选项“对负有责任；对做出解释；（比例）占有”，以及D选项“传下来”意思不符合。因此C选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第五段第一、二句anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So c
15、an stress, though its not understood why（任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭。压力也是如此，尽管不知道为什么），可知精神紧张导致口臭，故D选项“精神紧张”正确。A选项“牙齿问题”：根据第二段第一句，医生最多能建议有口臭的病人保持口腔清洁，可知口臭与口腔清洁有关，没有提到和牙齿问题有关。B选项“高硫的食物”：根据第三段第二、三句，细菌以食物中的蛋白质为食，并排放硫化物这种口臭中最难闻的气体，可知并不是高硫食物导致口臭。C选项“运动过度”：根据第五段第一句，运动时用嘴呼吸产生口臭，可知不是运动过多导致口臭。因此D选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第三段第一句Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva slows（只要唾液的正常流速放缓，就会有口臭）和第五段第一句Alcoholanything that dries the mouth produces bad breath（酒精任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭），酒精引发口臭，而口臭的原因就是唾液流速低于正常速度，可推断酒精影响唾液正常流动，故D选项“它影响唾液正常流动”正确。A选项“它能阻止致病细
