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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Keyness major innovation was to argue that persistent unemployment might be caused by a deficiency in demand for production or services, rather than by a disequilibrium in the labor market.问题1选项A.shortageB.severityC.excessD.duration【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. shortage
2、不足，缺少，短缺 B. severity 严重性C. excess 超过，过度，过分 D. duration 持续时间，期间【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】deficiency的意思为“缺乏，缺少”，这里指的是失业可能是由于生产或服务需求不足，shortage与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】凯恩斯的主要创新在于，他认为持续失业可能是由于生产或服务需求不足，而不是由于劳动力市场不平衡。2. 填空题There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer inter
3、ested in spelling. No school Ihave taught has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. A B C D【答案】C have taught改为have taught in【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】I have taught是修饰school的定语从句，从句的完整句子为I have taught in school，当school作为先行词放于从句之前时，介词应该保留，因此C部分应为have taught in。【句意】家长们普遍认为学校不再重视拼
4、写。我所任教的学校从来没有忽视过拼写，或认为拼写是一项基本技能，根本不重要。3. 填空题Three broad categories of terrorist crime may be distinguished, not in legal terms, but with intention.Foremost is the use of violence and the threat of violence to create public fear. A B C D【答案】C with intention改为by intention【解析】【考查点】被动语态。【解题思路】根据be disti
5、nguished，可知此句为被动语态，by intention指的是通过意图来区分。【句意】恐怖主义犯罪的三大类可以通过意图而不是法律术语加以区分。其中最重要的是使用暴力和暴力威胁来制造公众恐惧。4. 填空题Papousek noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go onmaking the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the childrens res
6、ponses in situations when no milk A B C Dwas provided.【答案】D when改为where【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】D部分到句尾是修饰situations的定语从句，situations意思为“情况，状况”表示地点，因此D部分应为where。【句意】帕普塞克注意到，婴儿喝够了牛奶，就会拒绝牛奶，但仍会继续做出习得性反应，并带有明显的快乐迹象。因此，他开始研究在不提供牛奶的情况下孩子们的反应。5. 填空题Too often we believe what accounts for others success is some spec
7、ial secret or a lucky break. But rarely success is so mysterious. A B C D【答案】D success is改为is success【解析】【考查点】倒装。【解题思路】表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，用部分倒装，句子的一般陈述句语序为success is so mysterious，此时is应该提前，因此D部分应为is success。【句意】我们常常相信别人的成功是某种特殊的秘密或幸运的突破。但成功很少如此神秘。6. 单选题In her long, but ultimately triumphant career, s
8、he has been forced to smuggle birth control supplies under her clothing.问题1选项A.forcefulB.insightfulC.successfulD.influential【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. forceful 强有力的，坚强的 B. insightful 有深刻了解的，富有洞察力的C. successful 获得成功的，有成就的 D. influential 有很大影响的，有支配力的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】triumphant的意思为“大获全胜的，巨大成功的”，这里指她在职业生涯中取
9、得巨大成功，successful与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】在她漫长但最终成功的职业生涯中，她曾被迫在衣服下走私节育用品。7. 填空题People are most likely to say they have been dreaming if they are awakened during a period of so-called rapid eye movement, at this time distinctive changes in brain activity are observable. A B C D【答案】D thi
10、s改为which【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】D部分引导定语从句，对rapid eye movement进行修饰，D部分在从句中充当状语，this不能引导从句，which代表物，可以在这里引导从句。【句意】如果人们在所谓的眼球快速运动时期醒来，可以观察到大脑活动的显著变化，那么他们最有可能说自己一直在做梦。8. 填空题All populations contain some _ in traits. In humans, for example, some people are tall, some are short, and some are of medium height. (v
11、ary)【答案】variation【解析】【考查点】名词。【解题思路】根据关键词some，可知横线处为名词。根据关键词for example，可知两个句子是例证关系，指的是同一个族群有不同特点，variation的意思为“变异的东西，变种”，符合语境。【句意】所有族群在性状上都有一些变异。以人类为例，有些人高，有些人矮，有些人中等身高。9. 单选题The November 17-day coal strike, which was terminated December 7, brought about a general business and production paralysis at the close of the year.问题1选项A.worsenedB.discontinuedC.denouncedD.hindered【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. worsened 变得更糟，恶化 B. discontinued 停止，终止C. denounced 谴责，指责 D. hindered 阻碍，妨碍【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】terminated的意思为“（使）停止，结束”，指的是罢工进行了17天后才结束，discontinued与之词义相近，因此
