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1、外文资料翻译NON-CONVETIONAL MACHININGNon-conventional machining has been well known in ceramics processing due to their high productivity and cost effectiveness. In the past ， many researchers have studied machining of advanced ceramics conducted by chemical machining(CM),electrical discharge machining(ED
2、M) ，laser beammachining(LBM) and ultrasonic machining(USM) Non conventional machining utilizes other forms of energydifferent from mechanical energy.The energies used in non conventional machining are thermal energy, chemical energy and electrical energy.Chemical machining is one of the oldest micro
3、machining technologies This process applies reactive enchants to remove unwanted part from the work piece surface. It is a corrosive-controlled process. Many studies have been done on CM to investigate its etching rate, surface roughness and dimensional accuracy. CM includes photochemical machining.
4、 PCM is a method of fabricating component using reactive etchings to corrosively oxidize selected areas of the component. This process can produce highly complex products with very fine details, at high accuracy and low cost. They present a number of advantages ，such as simple set up ，quick preparat
5、ion and no tool required; hence problems such as tool wear, machine tool deflections, vibrations and cutting forces are eliminated. In addition, chemical machining minimizes the effect of ceramics brittleness and low fracture. Disadvantages of chemical machining include chemical disposal ， the prese
6、nce of uncontrollable parameters, especially material structure and their rate of chemical reaction with solutions. In addition, high attention is required during processing. ZUBEL studied the silicon anisotropic etching process in water solution of KOH and TMAH with and without both organic and ino
7、rganic addition This study shows that the etching rate is affected by the attendance of organic and inorganic agents KIM employed the etching process with a lower oxygen gas flow ratio and found that this action reduces etching damage to the low k materials.Abrasive water jet (AWJ) is a technique th
8、at involves forceful impingement of abrasive particles to achieve the removal of surface material. AWJ depends on the water jet pressure，stand off distance ， abrasive type s size and flow rate. However, these choices are significantly affected by extreme factors such as the machined material structu
9、re and geometry of the jet nozzle. The most common advantage of AWJ is that it yields little heat during machining process therefore no heat affected zone(HAZ) happens ， hence the process does not require heat treatment and no damage is reported Compared with traditional machining technologies. AWJ
10、offers the following advantages ： fast speed ，able to cut thick material ， good accuracy, finishing surface and it cuts virtually anything with no HAZ Unfortunately,some burr will occur near the cutting area. AWJ is widely used in metal, glass, ceramic ， marble and granite cuttingmachines. GI and GI
11、 made a conclusionin their research that AWJ had a great potential as a machining method for brittle and hard materials. Unfortunately, they found a large scale fracture that easily developed on the backside of the work piece and affected surface finish. Although AWJ has been recognized as the most
12、efficient method to machine ceramics , result showed that the damagein surface always happensin the lower zone of the surface , where a lot of pits were found and lower the surface quality. To overcome this problem ， a new cutting head oscillation technique has been introduced. This technique applie
13、d to the cutting process produces superior results and shows that the smooth zone depths increase by more than 30 with oscillation as compared with that without oscillation. However, a further study is required to reduce the pits effect that occurs at the lower surface layer.Electrical discharge mac
14、hining uses spark erosion to remove small particles from electrically conductive material.The acceleration of EDM material removal rate increases with the discharge current and working voltage, but decreases with increasing pulseduration. EDM is especially well suited for cutting intricate contour t
15、hat would be difficult to produce with traditional machining. Advantages of EDM include high dimensional accuracy, good surface finish， lack of burr .Ti3SiC2with excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity is easily machined by EDM but high power is needed. In order to obtain a high m
16、aterial removal rate and better surface roughness ， LIU suggested using a suitable chemical additive, dielectric strength ， washing capability and viscosity of the machining fluid. They also suggested using a water-based emulsion as the machining fluid as harmful gas is not generated during machining ， and the equipment is not corroded. Another suggestion by MUTTAMARA to improve the material removal rate is by employing positive polarit
