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1、Unit 14 Freedom fighters1. freedom n. 自由(1) freedom是free的名词形式，表示“自由”，为不可数名词。例如：These men died for freedom.这些人为自由献身。In 1863 Lincoln gave freedom to all American slaves. 1863年林肯使美国所有的奴隶都获得了自由。 The freedom of the press is at stake.出版自由已成问题。(2) freedom 后接介词from 有“免除，解脱”的意思。freedom from hunger免于饥饿 freedo
2、m from taxation免税(3) 习语：take / use freedoms with (sb.) 对某人放肆(4) 同义词：liberty n.自由 反义词：restraint n. 抑制，克制free adj.(1) be free to do sth. 意为“随心所欲做某事”“不受拘束地做某事”。Everyone is free to express himself. 每个人都可以畅所欲言。You are free to go or stay. 去或留随你的便。(2) free from/of 不受影响的He was free from all blame for the ac
3、cident.The old man is never free from illness.(3) free 作“免费的，空闲的”讲 Are you free today?(4) free 还可以作动词、副词，意为“使自由”“免除”“解放”；“自由地”“免费地”“松动地”。Babies are allowed to travel free on trains.婴儿可免费坐火车。Dont let the dog run free on the main road.别让狗在大街上乱跑。(5) freely 也是副词，意为“主动地，自如地，慷慨地”。You can speak quite freel
4、y in front of me, I shant tell anyone what you say.I freely admit that what I said just now was wrong.Can you speak English freely? 你能自如地说英语吗？2. murder 与kill(1) murder的意思是“谋杀，凶杀”，是有目的、有预谋的行为。(2) kill 是个普通的词，意为“造成（任何生物）死亡”，其主语可以是人，也可以是物或大自然。试比较：My uncle was killed in a plane crash. 我叔父在飞机失事中遇难。The co
5、ld weather killed our tomato plants.寒冷的天气冻坏了我们种的西红柿。He was put into prison for murdering his wife.他因谋杀妻子而被关进了监狱。(3) n. 谋杀（罪）；无意义的死亡；艰难困苦的经历，难办的事There have been several murders this year.今年发生了数宗谋杀案。It was absolute murder in town on the first day of the sales.在第一天销售时，镇上真是乱得让人受不了。 murderer. n. 杀人者，杀人犯
6、They were all convicted murderers, thieves, or other criminals. 他们都是定了罪的杀人犯、窃贼或其他罪犯。3. Youth 作“青春，青少年时期，活力”讲是不可数名词，作“青年、年轻人”讲是可数名词，the youth是“青年人”的总称。 In youth, he had shown great promise.他在青少年时代就显得很有出息。 As a youth he showed little promise. 他是个小伙子，看不出有什么出息。 The youth of the country is/are being igno
7、red by politicians. 这个国家的青年人没有受到政治家们的重视。4. put sb. in/ into prison把关进监狱 It is said that his son was put in prison. The robber was put into prison. 类似的短语还有：be in prison坐牢 go to prison坐牢 cast/ throw sb. into prison把关进监狱 send sb. to prison把关进监狱 prison前有无冠词，意思是不一样的。请区分下列句子的意思。 The murderer went to priso
8、n last week. The criminals wife went to the prison to visit her husband. 那个犯人的妻子去监狱探望了她的丈夫。5. revolution 革命；（思想，工作方式等的）彻底变革 He has lived through two revolutions.他经历了两次革命。 Socialist revolution can never be achieved without a struggle.社会主义革命只有通过斗争来实现。 Credit cards have brought about a revolution in pe
9、oples spending habits. 信用卡的使用给人们的消费习惯带来巨大改变。 revolutionary adj.& n. 革命的，创新的；革命/新者 He suffered for his revolutionary principles.他为自己的革命原则而蒙受苦难。 Many revolutionaries reject this point of view.许多革命家不接受这种观点。6. join hands-hold each others hands联手，携手，合伙 We all joined hands and danced round in a circle.我们都
10、拉起手来，围成一个圆圈跳舞。 Dont waste our money and time. Lets join hands in the business. 不要浪费钱和时间，我们在生意上互相合作吧。 The American soldiers joined hands with the British in the war against Germany. 在战争中美国士兵和英国士兵携手对付德军。7. arrest(1) 常作及物动词，有时有“阻止，制止”的意思He was arrested on a charge of murder.他因谋杀罪被捕。The criminal was arr
11、ested yesterday.罪犯昨天被捕了。The newly developed drug has arrested the spread of the disease.这种新药遏止了疾病的蔓延。(2) arrest作名词时，意思是“拘捕”，此时，一般用作可数名词。The police made an arrest last night. 昨晚警察逮捕了一个人。The police made three arrests yesterday.警察昨天执行了三项逮捕行动。(3) 同义词stop 阻止，制止反义词release释放8. separation n. 分开，隔开，分离；分居 Sep
12、aration from his friends made him sad.他离开了朋友，十分难过。 She couldnt bear the thought of separation from her children. separate vt. 作动词时，意为“分开，隔开” Separate those two boys who are fighting.把那两个打架的孩子分开。 This river separates England and Scotland.这条河把英格兰与苏格兰隔开了。 separatefrom 将与分开 England is separated from Fra
13、nce by the English Channel.英吉利海峡将英国与法国分开了. Please separate the good apples from the bad ones.请把好苹果与坏苹果分开。 separate 常用于被动语态，表示“与某人分手、离婚、失散”。 Were you separated from your wife?你和你妻子离婚了吗？ They got separated in the crowd.他们在人群中失散了。 separate作形容词，意为“单独的，独自的” The children sleep in separate beds.孩子们各睡各的床。 I
14、 must have a separate room.我要有一个单间。 Some people only think of their own separate interests.有些人只考虑他们各自的利益。9. race(1) 用作可数名词，第一个意思作“人种；种族”解，指根据由基因遗传的体质而区分为特性明显的群体，可以是局部的地区性人口或全球性人口。例如：the Negro race黑种人the white races白种人the Anglo-Saxon race盎格鲁-萨克逊族 There are many races of people in the world.世界上有许多种族。(
15、2) 用作可数名词，另一个重要的意思是“赛跑（车）”，常指速度竞赛。a horse race赛马a 10-mile race 10 英里赛跑He ran a race with me.他同我赛跑。He won the 100-metre race.他在百米赛跑中获胜。(3) 作不及物动词时，有“比赛，赛跑”的意思，后面常接against/ between/ with等介词。The horse is racing against five others. 这匹马正在和其他五匹马比赛。boys racing home from school从学校跑回家的孩子。The second runners, already moving, grabbed the sticks and raced. 已经起跑的第二棒运动员，抓起接力棒继续往前跑。10. marriage n. 结婚，婚姻，婚礼 After ten years of marriage, they are divorcing.他们结婚十年了，现在正闹离婚。 Her s
