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1、专题七 动词时态和语态动词的时态和语态是历年高考英语测试的重中之重，一般占12道题。命题思路有三：一是直接给出标志性时间状语，考生能依据所给时间状语作出选择；二是给出时间状语，但所给时间状语有着较强的干扰性，考生不能直接根据时间状语作出选择，需要结合语境判断；三是没有任何时间状语，需要借助于上下文语境，才能作出正确判断。考生应熟知常用时态和被动语态的构成及用法。高考题往往不会涉及单一的时态语态，而是更多地侧重于时态的交叉使用和呼应及与语态的结合使用。所以解题时一定要结合语境，弄清时间的先后关系，可根据不同情况采取“找标法”(寻找时间标志词)、“呼应法”(主从句时态呼应)、“搭配法”(固定搭配)
2、、“语境法”等解题技巧。一识别标志词 如果题干中有标志性的时间状语,则往往可以根据时间状语选择相应的时态 例More than a dozen一打,十二个students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year. 在国外A. sent B. were sentC. had sentD. had been sent 解析 此题有明显的时间标志词last year,提示我们应该使用一般过去时;句中的主语students是被送的对象,应该使用被动语态答案为B动词的时态一般都有其相应的时间状语,请同学们熟记下列8种常用时态所对应的时间状语
3、 (1)一般现在时:often, always, usually, seldom不常, now, every day等 (2)一般过去时:then那时,当时, yesterday, last week, after that从那以后, ago, in the following/next few months等 (3)现在进行时:now, right now, at present目前;现在, at this moment现在, these days等 (4)过去进行时:then, at that time, at this time yesterday等 (5)现在完成时: recently
4、, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few months/years, for+一段时间, since + 一点时间等 (6)过去完成时:before, by the end of last month/years等 (7)一般将来时:tomorrow, today, next week/month, in an hour, in the coming/following few weeks等 (8)过去将来时:the following month, the next week等 命题角度及对策高考测试动词时态须与句中时间状语
5、一致时,常在题干中加入具体情景,以测试考生对动词时态知识的实际运用能力敏锐捕捉时间标志词,并结合具体的语境,选择出正确的动词时态,是解决此类问题的良策二主从时态须呼应 如果所给题干是主从复合句,可根据主从句时态呼应的原则选出正确的时态命题角度及对策近年来高考考查主从句的时态呼应时,常放在真实的并且符合实际的语境中进行考查在根据时态呼应原则解题时,要把握好以下几点: (1)在时间条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,用现在完成时表示将来完成时(2)正确认定主句动词及从句动词两个动作发生的时间,并认真体会命题者所给出的语境 (3)解答宾语从句与主句时态呼应题时,考
6、生应熟知以下规则:主句动词为现在时,则从句动词可根据需要使用任何时态;主句动词为过去时,则从句动词须用恰当的过去的某种时态(表示客观真理时使用一般现在时) 三仔细体会语境 近年来高考试题对时态语态考查的要求越来越高,大部分试题趋向情境化实际化因此,仔细体会所给语境,根据具体语境选择合适的时态是考生需要重点解决的问题例：Do you think we should accept that offer? Yes，we should，for we_ such bad luck up till now，and time_ out. A. have had；is running B. had；is ru
7、nning C. have；has been run D. have had；has been run 【答案解析】 A。由时间标志词up till now知道，动作是从过去延续到现在，所以第一空要用现在完成时；而根据语境可知时间快要耗光了，所以第二空要用进行时表将来。 Can you tell me the timetable of the_school bus? Well, the bus_here for the _campus at 7:00 Am. Awill leave Bleft Cis leaving Dleaves 【答案解析】 D。考查时态，“校班车的时间表”是规定好的事情
8、，表示一般性动作用一般现在时。 【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案1. Whats that terrible noise ? The neighbors _ for a party. A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare 2. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. has been comp
9、leted D. is going to consider 3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapid
10、ly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 5. I _ Ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. played B. will play C. have played D. play 6. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 7.
11、John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen 8. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a ch
12、ild in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 9. How are the team playing ? They are playing well, but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were 10. You havent said a word about my new coua, Brenda. Do you like it ? Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certa
13、inly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 11. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 12. My uncle _ until he was forty five. A. married B. didnt marry C. was not
14、marrying D. would marry 13. When will you come to see me, Dad ? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 14. How long _ at this job ? Since 1990A. were you cmployed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 15. With the rapid growth of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 16. The sile
