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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The uniqueness of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions and the selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as 1860s there were counter movement to the traditional orienta
2、tion. One of the famous spokesmen of Japans “Enlightenment” claimed “the Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: science in the material sphere and a sense of independence in the spiritual sphere.” Another break of relative liberalism foll
3、owed World War I, when the democratic idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese intellectuals and especially students; but more important was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Again, in the early 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant.F
4、ollowing the end of World War II, substantial changes were undertaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restrains. The new democratic value system was accepted by many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals, but it was not immediately embraced by the society as a wh
5、ole. Japanese traditions were dominated by group values, and notions of personal freedom and individual rights were unfamiliar.Today, democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in social and political life. School textbooks emphasize equality over
6、 hierarchy and rationalism over tradition; but in practice these values are often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humanistic goals of democracy into egoistic and materialistic ones.Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confuciani
7、sm, but leftovers of the old order remain. An important feature of relationships in many institutions, including political parties and universities is, the oyabun-kobun or parent-child relation. The corresponding loyalty of the individual to his patron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which
8、 they both belong. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to support without qualification the interests of the group in all its external relations is still a widely respected virtue. The oyabun-kobun creates ladders of mobility which an individual can ascend, rising as far a
9、s abilities permit, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence over a need for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizontal relationship between people with the same profession.1.T
10、he spokesman of Japans “Enlightenment” thought that（ ）.2.Which of the following statements about Japans culture is true?3.The relationship of oyabun-kobun can be one between（ ）.4.In the last paragraph, the author implies that （ ）.问题1选项A.the traditional culture should be replaced by western moderniza
11、tionB.Japanese ought to forsake the Confucian civilization of the EastC.the Confucian civilization in Japan should be dominantD.Japan should introduce western civilization问题2选项A.Substantial changes in democratic process have taken place during World War HB.Nowadays the traditional Confucianism is a
12、necessary part of the society in Japan.C.Today the Confucianism outweighs the democratic value system in universities of Japan.D.The democratic idea was not accepted by the society after World War II.问题3选项A.a shop owner and a customerB.a CEO and an employeeC.a politician and an opponentD.a judge and
13、 a lawyer问题4选项A.respect for authority plays a more important role in promotionB.western values have overwhelmed traditional Japanese attitudesC.colleagues are more closely related to each other than beforeD.most Japanese workers are members of a single party【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句
14、“One of the famous spokesmen . in the spiritual sphere.”日本“启蒙运动”的一位著名发言人宣称：“在我看来，东方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所拥有的两样东西：物质领域的科学和精神领域的独立意识。”也就是说，他认为日本应该引进西方文明，选项D符合原文。2.选项A应该是一战后，所以不正确；选项C明显错误;根据第二段第二句“The new democratic . the society as a whole. ”可知选项D属于完全否定，与原文表述不符;根据第四段第一句“Most Japanese people have consciously rej
15、ected Confucianism, but leftovers of the old order remain.”大多数日本人都有意识地拒绝儒家思想, 但旧秩序的残余依然存在。也就是说，传统儒学根深蒂固，是日本社会不可或缺的一部分。选项B正确。3.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。由此可以推断，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下级之间的关系”，选项中只有B项符合要求。4.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以
16、在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。作者其实是在暗示，尊重权威在晋升中扮演着更重要的角色。第2题:第3题:第4题:2. 单选题If no one takes the（ ）and plans for the trip, we will never leave home.问题1选项A.initialB.initiativeC.originalD.beginning【答案】B【解析】take the initiative为固定搭配, 意为“带头, 采取主动”。句意:如果没有人带头和计划这次旅行, 我们是不会离开家的。选项B正确
