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1、考研考博-考博英语-湖北省联考模拟考试题含答案1. 翻译题Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese on the ANSWER SHEET.Two years ago, the United Nations warned that a disease called “Panama could destroy” much of the worlds banana crop. Since then, things have not
2、 gotten better. A new outbreak was discovered last year in Australia. The disease started in Asia in the 1990s, and later spread to Africa and the Middle East.World health officials worry the disease could travel to Latin America, one of the top banana producers in the world.(41) The Panama disease
3、is a big concern because bananas are an important source of income and nutrients for millions of people. They are grown in 135 tropical nations. The United Nations lists bananas as one of the most important foods, along with rice, wheat and corn. Bananas also contain a chemical which it says makes p
4、eople feel happy.Randy Ploetz, a professor at the University of Florida, is considered by many as Americas top banana expert, or, “top banana.” As he explained Panama disease affects the Cavendish banana, which is the most popular among more than 500 kinds of bananas.“The industry is waking up to th
5、e problem,” Ploetz said Thursday by telephone from Miami, Florida, where he was attending the International Banana Congress.The meeting was supposed to take place in Costa Rica, but was moved at the last minute. There were concerns banana growers could spread Panama disease from dirt collected on th
6、eir shoes. Ploetz said.(42) Ploetz(普罗慈) said if the disease spreads to Latin America, it could hurt the worlds economy along with food supplies for millions of people. Still, he said there is reason for hope. Scientists in Australia are working on a genetically engineered banana that might not be at
7、 risk of getting Panama disease. But he wondered if people are ready to accept genetically engineered bananas.Robert Bertram is chief scientist for the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). He said bananas are important to many millions of people all over the world. “In Africa, Asia and
8、 tropical America, bananas are an important food source for more than 100 million people, he told VOA.” As a cash crop, bananas are sold in local, regional and international markets,” Bertram said. Banana exports provide jobs and foreign money that producing countries need, he said.Bertram said USAI
9、D is organizing a worldwide effort to resist Panama disease. A fungus, known as TR4, causes the Panama disease. Before 2013 Bertram said, it was limited to Asia. Since then, it spread to the Middle East and to Africa. In the 1960s, the same fungus wiped out the Gros Michel, banana crop, which at the
10、 time was the worlds most popular. The Cavendish replaced it.(43) At Wageningen (瓦赫宁根) University in the Netherlands, researchers are looking for Cavendish(卡文迪什) replacements. Their work is difficult. Researchers said the replacements will have to resist Panama disease, and survive the shipping time
11、 needed to get bananas to stores thousands of miles away from banana fields. And they will have to taste good.【答案】41.【参考译文】香蕉作为一项重大收入来源，同时又是数百万人的营养供给源，因此巴拿马病毒成为当前的一个大问题。全球盛产香蕉的国家有135个。联合国将香蕉，水稻，小麦和玉米列为最重要的作物。香蕉还富含一种能使人感到愉悦的化学物质。42.【参考译文】普罗慈说如果疾病扩散至拉丁美洲，它将威胁到世界经济以及数百万人的食品供应。他说，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亚科学家们正研究可抵
12、御巴拿马疾病的转基因香蕉，但是普罗慈认为人们是否能接受转基因香蕉仍然是一个问题。43.【参考译文】荷兰瓦赫宁根大学的研究人员正在寻找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品种，这是一项艰巨的工作。研究人员表示，新品种香蕉需抵抗巴拿马疾病并能经得起长时间运输。因为香蕉需运输到几千公里外的市场。当然，得尝起来美味。2. 填空题Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar
13、 in many（1） .The simple（2 ）for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things（3 ）in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements （4 ）interest, and more groups and organizations（5） different beliefs. In （6） , there is usually a greater worldly interest and grea
14、ter tolerance in（7） societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by （8） more areas of life to decision. In a simple-racial （9 ） , there are （10） occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for （11） because everything seems to be the same. And （12） conditions may not be sati
15、sfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Social change is also likely to occur more frequently and（13） in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in the（14） basic and emotional aspects of society than in their opposi
16、tes; in form rather than in（15） ; and in elements that are （16） to the culture rather than in strange elements. （17） , social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes（18） readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp differences. This is one reason why change has （19） come more quickly to Black Americans as （20） to other American minorities, because of sharp difference between them
