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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题When the young man died unexpectedly, it took health experts several weeks of intensive lab work to identify the culprit.问题1选项A.curlB.curveC.causeD.curse【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词culprit意为“犯人，罪犯；元凶”；A选项“curl”意为“卷曲；卷发；螺旋状物”；B选项“curve”意为“曲线；弯曲；曲线球；曲线图表”；C选项“cause”
2、意为“原因；事业；目标”；D选项“curse”意为“诅咒；咒骂；祸根”。句意：当这个年轻人意外死亡时，健康专家花了几个星期进行深入细致的实验室工作来确定罪魁祸首。由题干可知，the young man died unexpectedly（这个年轻人意外死亡了）所以健康专家肯定是要确定导致他死亡的原因，或者说元凶。由此可知，culprit在此处最可能是“元凶”的意思，四个选项中curse具有“祸根”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。2. 单选题Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong,
3、but it is adversely affected by sunlight.问题1选项A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。delicate“精美的；柔和的；易碎的”；A选项soft“柔软的；温柔的；软弱的”；B选项sheer“绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的”；C选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；D选项refined“精炼的；精确的；微妙的；有教养的”。句意：丝绸虽然被认为是一种易碎的织物，但事实上它非常结实，但它受到阳光的不利影响。根据句中although“尽管”和“is in fact very strong实际上是非常结实
4、的”可知delicate在这里的意思为“易碎的”，因此C选项正确。3. 单选题A（ ）of soap and two brightly colored towels were left beside the bath, and then the women smiled politely at Nicole and withdrew carefully from the room.问题1选项A.loafB.barC.stickD.block【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项loaf“条，一条面包”；B选项bar“块；条；酒吧”；C选项stick“棍；手杖；呆头呆脑的人”；D选项block“
5、块；街区；大厦；障碍物”。句意：一块肥皂和两条颜色鲜艳的毛巾放在浴缸旁边，当时这个女人有礼貌地对着尼克尔笑，然后小心翼翼地离开了房间。a bar of为固定搭配，a bar of soap意为“一块肥皂”，因此B选项正确。4. 不定项选择题There is a question, however, that must be answered before this synthesis is attempted, namely, which are the social tendencies that are general human characteristics? It is easy t
6、o be misled in this respect. Much of our social behavior is automatic. Some may be instinctive, that is, organically determined. Much more is based on conditioned responses, that is, determined by situations so persistently and early impressed upon us that we are no longer aware of the character of
7、the behavior and also ordinarily unaware of the existence or possibility of a different behavior. Thus, a critical examination of what is generally valid for all humanity and what is specifically valid for different cultural types comes to be a matter of great concern to students of society. This is
8、 one of the problems that induce us to lay particular stress upon the study of culture that are historically as little as possible related to our own. Their study enables us to determine those tendencies that are common to all mankind and those belonging to specific human societies only.Another vist
9、a opens if we ask ourselves whether the characteristics of human society are even more widely distributed and found also in the animal world. Relations of individuals or of groups of individuals may be looked at from three points of view: relations to the organic and inorganic outer world, relations
10、 among members of the same social group, and what, for lack of a better term, may be designated as subjectively conditioned relations. I mean by this term those attitudes that arise gradually by giving values and meanings to activities, as good or bad, right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, purposive or
11、 causally determined. Relations with the organic and inorganic outer world are established primarily by the obtaining of sustenance, protection against rigor of the climate, and geographical limitations of varied kinds. The relations of members among the same social group include the relation of sex
12、es, habits of forming social groups and their forms. Obviously, these phases of human life are shared by animals. Their food requirements are biologically determined and adjusted to the geographical environment in which they live. Acquisition and storage of food are found among animals as well as in
13、 man. The need of protection against climate and enemies is also operative in animal society, and adjustment to these needs in the form of nests or dens is common. No less are the relations between members of social groups present in animal life, for animal societies of varied structure occur. It ap
14、pears, therefore, that a considerable field of social phenomena does not by any means belong to man alone but is shared by the animal world, and the questions must be asked: what traits are common to human and animal societies?1. Which of the following statements is true? Our social behavior is （ ）.
15、2. Why is social behavior difficult to change?3. In order to answer the question: “which are the social tendencies that are general human characteristics?” we have to emphasize on the study of （ ）.4. The three points of view that indicate the relations of individuals are （ ）.5. Form the definitions
16、of the three points of view, according to the passage, we can infer that （ ）.问题1选项A.more based on learned reactions than natural tendencyB.more inherently determined than early impressedC.more spontaneous than inbornD.more based on inherent than constitutional behavior问题2选项A.Ones behavior is inborn so that nothi
