《16非谓语动词》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《16非谓语动词（20页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第二节动词过去分词一、过去分词的定义过去分词是动词的另一种非限定形式。过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾 语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。二、过去分词的基本形式过去分词的基本形式是“动词十-ed”，但也可以有不规则的形式。不规则动词的过去分 词没有统一的构成规则，要逐个记忆。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形 式。三、过去分词的句法功能过去分词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。1. 作定语作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语作定语， 则放在被修饰的词的后面。如：There are many fallen
2、 leaves on the ground. 地上有许多落叶。This is a book written by a ?。2、2皿.这是一本农民写的书。又如：smoked ham 熏火腿boiled water 开水 steamed roll 花卷spoken English 口 头英语oppressed people 被压迫的人民2. 作表语过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态。I was pleased at the news. 听 了这消息我很高兴。The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。He looked very excited.他显得很激动。过去分词作表语用，
3、相当于形容词，最常见有：delighted，disappointed， discouraged， drunk，amused，astonished，hurt，interested，crowded，tired，satisfied，pleased，surprised， worried， excited， married， puzzled， upset 等。有些过去分词用作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。这两种结构的主要差别参见有 关部分。3. 作宾语补足语过去分词可以在 see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have, feel 等动词后与名 词（代
4、词）构成复合宾语。如：I often hear the song sung in English. 我常听人用英语唱这首歌。Hes going to have his hair cut. 他准备去理发。She found the door closed.她发觉那门是关着的。I must get my bike repaired .我必须请人修理自行车。He was trying to make himself understood./他,努力想让别人听懂他的话。4. 作状语过去分词短语常用作状语，修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。这类状语大多数放 在句子前部（主语前面），也有少数可以放在句子
5、后部（谓语后面）或者插在中间（主语后 面）。如：Inspired by the spirit of the Partys Sixteenth Congress ,（=As we were inspired by） we work even harder.在党的十六大的精神鼓舞下，我们更加努力工作。The Professor came in, followed by a group of young people.教授走进来，后面踉着一群年 轻人。Mr. Green, deeply moved, thanked us again and again.格林先生深为感动，一再向我们 表示感谢。间或一
6、个单独的过去分词也可以这样用作状语。如：Heated , water changes into steam水加热时就会变成水蒸气。She turned away , disappointed.她走了，心里很失望。过去分词短语作状语可以表示： 相当于一个原因状语从句Inspired by her example （= As they were inspired by），the League members worked even harder，在她的榜样鼓舞下，共青团员们干得更起劲了。The children soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.
7、由于旅途劳累，孩子们很快就睡 着了。 相当于一个时间状语从句Seen from the hill (= When the park is seen from the hill)，the park looks very beautifu l.从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。Once published, this dictionary will be very popular! 一旦出版，这本字典将会受到欢迎。 假设的情况，相当于一个条件状语从句United (=If / When we are united), we stand； divided (=If / When we divided), w
8、e fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。(此句也可表示时间)Given more time, we could do it much better.多给点时间，我们会做得更好些。 相当于一个让步状语从句Beaten by the opposite team ( Though they were beaten by. )， the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气，更加刻苦训练。这类状语多数放在句子前面，个别放在主谓之间。 伴随情况(这种用法没有与之相当的状语从句可以代替)He came ba
9、ck， utterly exhausted.他回来时，疲惫不堪。The woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants.位女科学家走进.实验室，后 面跟着她的助手们。注：过去分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有 自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立(主格)结构。多数情况下它表示一种伴随动作或 情况。如：The boy rushed Into the classroom， his face covered with sweat( = and his face was covered )那男
10、孩跑进教室，满脸是汗。All things considered, your article is of greater value than hers. 各方面考虑进去，你的文章 比她的文章更有价值。四、过去分词的时态和语态的用法过去分词一般表示完成和被动的动作，只有一种形式。来自及物动词的过去分词表示被 动的意义，来自不及物动词的过去分词则表示主动、完成的意义(作形容词用的过去分词除 外)。如：the exploited classes 被剥削阶级an unknown hero 一位无名英雄the machine used in the workshop 车间用的机器 the develo
11、ped countries 发达国家the escaped criminal 逃跑 了 的犯人fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun升起了的太阳returned students归国留学生I heard the door opened.我听见门被打开了。I want some boiled water (water that has been boiled)我想要一些开水某些带有持续意义的动词，如know, love, speak等的过去分词往往只有被动意义，没有完成意义。如:He is our beloved leader.他是我们敬爱的领袖。We are making
12、a study of spoken English 我们正在学习口语。巩固练习一、把下列词语译成汉语:2. a broken piece of glass 4. faded flowers 6. a heated discussion8. iced beer10. a forced smile (use) in spoken English.l. spoken English 3. a written test 5.fallen leaves 7.returned students 9. a united front 二、填入动词的适当形式:1. Ive never heard the wor
13、d2. They often saw the Negro boy (beat) by his master.3. Ill have the book (bring) over to you.4. Where did you get your watch (repair)?5. If you wish anything (change), please say so.6. I found the windows (shut) and the doors (lock).三、用定语从句或状语从句改写下列句子：1. Struck by his sincerely, the director wante
14、d to see him again.2. Gentlemen always shake hands when introduced to each other.3. If used economically, one tin will last for at least six weeks.4. The castle, burnt down in the sixteenth century， has never been rebuilt.5. United, we stand; divided, we fall.四、将下列各个句子连接起来，把其中一个变为过去分词短语，并做其他必要的变动:1.
15、 That evening we were filled with excitement and curiosity. We went to his home.2. They were surprised at the proposal. They began to discuss it among themselves.3. Mr. Li was much interested. He agreed to give it a try.4. Ann was deeply moved. She thanked them again and again.5. The boat sailed on. It was driven by a fair wind.五、选择：1. Something is wrong with my watch. I must have it .A. repair B. repairing C. to repairD. repaired2. Did you go to the party on New Years Eve?A. heldB. to be holdingC. to be heldD. being held3. I was walking in th
