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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much i
2、mportance attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New Englands leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan (清教徒) tradition in American intellectual life.To make this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start
3、with the Puritans theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumst
4、ances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Ma
5、ssachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an
6、atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few craftsmen or farmers let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized. Their
7、thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who immigrated in the late 1630s: left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope all came together in a decisive moment when he
8、 opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall by my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard i
9、n puritan churches.Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Danes, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.”26. The author holds that in the seventeenth-centu
10、ry New England _.27. It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders _.28. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay _.29. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often _.30. The text suggests that early settlers in New England _.问题1选项A.purita
11、n tradition dominated political lifeB.intellectual interest were encouragedC.politics benefited much from intellectual endeavorsD.intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment问题2选项A.experienced a comparatively early historyB.brought with them the culture of the Old WorldC.paid little attention
12、 to southern intellectual lifeD.were obsessed with religious innovations问题3选项A.were famous in the New World for their writingsB.gained increasing importance in religions affairsC.abandoned high positions before coming to the New WorldD.created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England问题4选项A.influ
13、enced by superstitionsB.troubled with religious beliefsC.puzzled by church sermonsD.frustrated with family earnings问题5选项A.were mostly engaged in political activitiesB.were motivated by an illusory prospectC.came from different intellectual backgroundD.left few formal records for later reference【答案】第
14、1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】26.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits”（在新英格兰，没有任何其他地方比殖民地美国“对知识追求”有如此高的重视），可知作者认为新英格兰重视知识，所以B选项“鼓励知识分子的兴趣”正确。A选项“清教传统主导了政治生活”和D选项“享有追求知识自由的环境”：根据第一段第三句New Englands leaders established the basic themes a
15、nd preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan（清教徒）tradition in American intellectual life.（新英格兰的领导人将逐渐发展起来的占主导地位的清教传统文化作为美洲文化生活的基本主题和当务之急。），可知没有说到清教和政治的紧密联系，故A选项错误，领导人把清教作为文化基底，没有让人充分自由追求文化，故D选项错误。C选项“政治从知识的努力中获益良多”：文章没有提到知识在政治方面带来的好处，故错误。因此选B项正确。27.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.（但是，为了与我们对南方知识分子生活的考察相一致，我们可以把最初的清教徒看作是欧洲文化的载体，他们在适应新大陆的环境。），可知新英格兰人把原本就有的清教带到新大陆，所以B选项“带来了旧世界的文化”正确。A选项“经历了比较早的历史”：不是作者想要表达的意思，属于过度推测，故错误。C选项“对南方的知识分
