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1、 一、外文原文Toward the Intelligent Web SystemsRadha GuhaCSE Dept. of Amrita University, Coimbatore, India 641105radhaguhaettimadai.amrita.eduAbstract The grand vision of Tim Barners-Lee, director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) founded in 1994,of changing the non-semantic Web (Web 1.0, Web 2.0)to
2、semantic Web (Web 3.0) will connect all the websites and will make their systems interoperable.Though this system has not been fully matured yet, the goal of utilizing the full potential of the web by creating an interoperable knowledge whole is not far from reach. With the emergence of various web
3、technologies and innovative concepts of using the web to its fullest potential, the web is evolving fast toward an intelligent web systems. Ideally the intelligent web systems will be a combination of a semantic web and various web services where the computers can automatically process the web conte
4、nts and integrate their services. This paper reports which web technologies and protocols succeeded in realizing the current web and speculate what is going to be the possible future web architecture and its social impact.1. The Success Story of the WebIn 1989 Tim Barners-Lee 1 invented the World Wi
5、de Web or WWW or W3, an internet-based hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP) for global information sharing. Hyper text markup language (HTML) was developed for displaying the web pages on a browser like Netscape or Internet Explorer running on a users computer. Domain name service (DNS) and universal
6、 resource locator (URL) naming conventions were developed to discover a machine on the internet which hosts a web page.Since the inception of the web, the explosive growth of the number of websites and the number of web users is an indication of its popularity amongst students, researchers, business
7、es and shoppers alike.Web is the most efficient medium for information collection and dissemination in the fastest and cheapest possible way. Web has changed our every day lives, it has changed the way students study, teachers teach and companies run. This explosive growth of the web also has been p
8、ossible due to the increased popularity of the use of personal computers (PCs) and increased speed of the internet access.Despite the huge success of the web as a platform and its wide spread social impact, the web has not been studied and understood well as a whole system.This paper is about explor
9、ing the web technologies and tools which are enabling certain web applications and social interactions. These web technologies have enabled certain social interactions which in turn are shaping up the future application needs and infrastructure requirements (see Figure1) 2. In order to engineer the
10、future web, the complex dynamics of social interactions, application needs and infrastructure requirements behind the web development needs to be studied and understood well.Figure 1. The social interactions enabled by the web put demands on the web applications behind them, in turn putting further
11、demands on the webs infrastructure 2.2. The Changing Trend of the WebThe World Wide Web Web is expanding and evolving at a very fast rate. The trend of using the web has evolved over the years with the availability of various emerging web technologies. Evolution of the web can be grouped into three
12、different trends namely Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and Web 3.0. Web 1.0 had slow internet connections, at the most 50kbps (kilo bits per second) with a dial-up connection, whereas today in Web 2.0 the internet speed has increased to 1mbps with broadband connections and going to increase beyond 10mpbs in Web 3
13、.0 where high resolution video, 3D graphics, virtual reality and games display will be a norm. The web started with the trend of Web 1.0, which was all about transforming all printing media such as books, music and news etc. to digital media to make it available online. Early web publishers were the
14、 university researchers. Subsequently many personal web pages were hosted on the free hosting server like Geocity . Many had a guest book section for capturing the visitors opinions about their websites panies built their business websites to advertisetheir products. In this continuing trend of Web
15、1.0, thecontents of the web pages are static and the meanings of the web pages are deciphered by the people who read them. Web contents are developed by HTML and user input is captured in web forms in the client machine and send to remote server via a common gateway interface (CGI) for further proce
16、ssing.Different web technologies such as custom style sheets (CSS) for improving usability and cross-browser viewing of the web pages and scripting languages such as Java Script, Visual Basic Script at the client side and Active Server Pages (ASP), Java Server Pages (JSP) at the server side have been developed over the years to make the static web pages dynamic and interactive.User input data from a form on the web page can be send to
