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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题After the election, a new situation is likely to（ ）.问题1选项A.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouse【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。rise“上升，增强”；raise“提升，增加，养育”；arise“出现，上升，起立”；arouse“引起，唤醒，鼓励”。句意：选举之后，一种新形势可能要出现了。C项符合题意。2. 单选题Her husband is interested in designing electronic（ ）.问题1选项A.man
2、agementB.safetyC.devicesD.routine【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。management“管理，经营”；safety“安全”；device“设备”；routine“例行公事，常规”。electronic devices“电子设备”。句意：她丈夫对设计电子设备感兴趣。故C项符合题意。3. 翻译题The climate of Australia varies greatly from region to region, with a tropical climate in the north, an arid or semiarid climate in much o
3、f the interior, and a temperate climate in the south. Despite these variations, the moderating influence of the surrounding oceans and the absence of extensive high mountain ranges help prevent marked extremes of weather. However, some areas occasionally experience extreme weather conditions, such a
4、s tropical cyclones, tornadoes, and severe drought. Because Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere, its seasons are the reverse of those in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonal variations, on the whole, are small. Generally, coastal and highland areas, especially in the southeast, are cooler than inte
5、rior locations, and the north, particularly the northwestern coast, is the hottest region. The temperate regions of southern Australia have four seasons, with cool winters and warm summers. 【答案】澳大利亚的气候因地区而异，北部为热带气候，内陆大部分地区为干旱或半干旱气候，南部为温和气候。尽管有这些变化，但周围海洋的缓和影响和没有广泛的高山山脉有助于防止明显的极端天气。然而，一些地区偶尔会经历极端天气条件，
6、如热带气旋、龙卷风和严重干旱。因为澳大利亚在南半球，它的季节与北半球相反。总的来说，季节变化很小。一般来说，沿海和高原地区，尤其是东南部，比内陆地区凉爽，而北部，尤其是西北海岸，是最热的地区。澳大利亚南部的温带地区四季分明，冬冷夏暖。4. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visited local schools for the _ of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】
7、A. observation 观察；监视 B. investigation 调查；调查研究C. inspection 视察；检查 D. examination 考试；检查【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，教师实习的学生经常去学校参加培训，培训的内容是for the _ of lessons，由此可以推断出进行教师实习的学生是去本地的学校观察上课。observation指一段时间内仔细观察某人/某事物的行为，尤指为了学习某事物。因此A. observation“观察”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项investigation指对某一情况、犯罪等事实的官方审查，或者是对某一主题或问题的事实进
8、行的科学或学术检查，而本句重点在于去观察当地学校的课程，不属于犯罪等事实，也不属于科学或学术检查；C选项inspection指对学校、工厂等的正式访问，以检查规章是否被遵守，标准是否可接受，教师实习的学生并不是正式访问，排除；D选项examination指仔细检查（某事物/某人），尤指检查是否有问题或找出问题的原因，不符合句子语境。【句意】在他们的第一个教师培训年，学生们经常去当地学校观察课程。5. 单选题The branches of the small tree could hardly（ ）the weight of the fruit.问题1选项A.retainB.maintainC.
9、remainD.sustain【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。retain“保持，记住”；maintain“保持”；remain“保持，留下”；sustain“维持，支持，支撑”。句意；小树的枝丫很难承受果实的重量。D项符合题意。6. 单选题（ ）, he does get irritated with her sometimes.问题1选项A.As he likes her muchB.Much although he likes herC.Though much he likes herD.Much as he likes her【答案】D【解析】考查倒装。although引导让步状语从句
10、时，从句不倒装；而as引导让步状语从句时，从句需要倒装。故D项正确。句意：尽管他喜欢她，可有时候他确实会对她发火。故D项正确。7. 单选题It is through learning that the individual_ many habitual ways of reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. retains保持 B. gains获得C. achieves达到；实现 D. acquires获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获
11、得，实现”的意思。of reacting to situations做habitual ways的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项achieve得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况作出反应的许多习惯方式。8. 单选题The most important div
12、ide in America today is class, not race, and the place where it matters most is in the home. Conservatives have been banging on about family breakdown for decades. Now one of the nations most prominent liberal scholars has joined the chorus.Robert Putnam is a former dean of Harvards Kennedy School o
13、f Government and the author of Bowling Alone(2000), an influential work that lamented the decline of social capital in America. In his new book, Our Kids, he describes the growing gulf between how the rich and the poor raise their children.Among the educated elite the traditional family is thriving:
14、 fewer than 10% of births to female college graduates are outside marriagea figure that is barely higher than it was in 1970. In 2007 among women with just a high-school education, by contrast, 65% of births were non-marital. Race makes a difference: only 2% of births to white college graduates are
15、out-of-wedlock, compared with 80% among African-Americans with no more than a high-school education, but neither of these figures has changed much since the 1970s. However the non-marital birth proportion among the high-school-educated whites has quadrupled, to 50%, and the same figure for college-educated blacks has fallen by a third, to 25%. Thus the class divide is growing even as the racial gap is shrinking.Upbringing affects opportunity. Upper-middle-c
