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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题The governments（ ） is to make up chiefly of the money we pay in taxes.问题1选项A.tariffB.dutyC.revenueD.tax【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。tariff “关税”；duty “税收”；revenue “税收收入”；tax “税金”。句意：政府的财政收入主要来源于我们的税收。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really（
2、 ） of the reality that theyrepresent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reflection “反映”；demonstration “示范”；illumination “照明”；reproduction “繁殖”。句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题By（ ） computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house wou
3、ld cost him a thousand dollars.问题1选项A.coarseB.rudeC.averageD.general【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗鲁的”；average “平均的，普通的”；general “一般的，普通的”。句意：通过粗略计算，他估计修理好这个房子需要花费一千美元。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Segregation made it difficult for black Americans to become （ ）into the larger middle class culture and its va
4、lues.问题1选项A.anticipatedB.indulgedC.transmittedD.assimilated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组的固定搭配。assimilated into “融入”。句意：种族隔离使得美国黑人难以融入到主流的中产阶级文化和价值观中。5. 单选题Do you have any（ ） about what living beings on other planets would be like?问题1选项A.idealB.comprehensionC.notionD.intelligence【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。ideal “理想”；compre
5、hension “理解力”；notion “观念，意见”；intelligence “智力”。句意：你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么样的吗？选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The wings of the bird still（ ）after it had been shot down.问题1选项A.slappedB.scratchedC.flappedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。slap “拍击”；scratch “抓，搔”；flap “拍动翅膀”；fluctuate “波动”。句意：鸟儿在被打中之后仍然在拍动翅膀。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Because a
6、degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most（ ） areas in Japanese life.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。sophisticated “久经世故的；复杂的”；competitive “有竞争力的”；considerate “体贴的”；superficial “肤浅的”。句意：因为有一个好的大学文凭就能找到一个更好的工作
7、，所以教育是日本生活中最具有竞争力的领域之一。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题But if language habits do not represent classes, a social stratification into something as bygone as “aristocracy” and “commons”, they do still of course serve to identify social groups. This is something that seems fundamental in the use of language. As we see i
8、n relation to political and national movements, language is used as a badge or a barrier depending on which way we look at it. The new boy at school feels out of it at first because he does not know the right words for things, and awe-inspiring pundits of six or seven look down on him for not being
9、aware that racksy means “dilapidated”，or hairy “out first ball”. The miner takes a certain pride in being “one up” on the visitor or novice who calls the cage a “lift” or who thinks that men working in a warm seam are in their “underpants” when anyone ought to know that the garments are called hogge
10、rs. The “insider” is seldom displeased that his language distinguishes him from the “outsider”.Quite apart from specialized terms of this kind in groups, trades and professions, there are all kinds of standards of correctness at which most of us feel more or less obliged to aim, because we know that
11、 certain kinds of English invite irritation or downright condemnation. On the other hand, we know that other kinds convey some kind of prestige and bear a welcome cachet.In relation to the social aspects of languages, it may well be suggested that English speakers fall into three categories, the ass
12、ured, the anxious and the indifferent. At one end of this scale, we have the people who have “position” and “status”, and who therefore do not feel they need worry much about their use of English. Their education and occupation make them confident of speaking an unimpeachable form of English: no fea
13、r of being criticized or corrected is likely to cross their minds, and this gives their speech that characteristically unselfconscious and easy flow which is often envied.At the other end of the scale, we have an equally imperturbable band, speaking with a similar degree of careless ease, because ev
14、en if they are aware that their English is condemned by others, they are supremely indifferent to the fact. The Mrs. Mops of this world have active and efficient tongues in their heads, and if we happened not to like their ways of saying things, well, we “can lump it”. That is their attitude. Curiou
15、sly enough, writers are inclined to represent the speech of both these extreme parties with-in for ing. In the one hand, “were goin huntin，my dear sir”； on the other, “were goin racin,mate”In between, according to this view, we have a far less fortunate group, the anxious. These actively try to suppress what they believe to be bad English and assiduously cultivate what they hope to be good English. They live their lives in some degree of nervousness over their grammar, their
