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1、2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I had a（ ）hope that his cancer might be cured.问题1选项A.dimB.faintC.blankD.small【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。dim“昏暗的，模糊的”；faint“模糊的，头晕的”；blank“空白的，空虚的”；small“少的，微弱的”。a faint hope“一线希望”。句意：我对他的癌症能被治愈抱有一线希望。故B项正确。2. 单选题The most important divide in America today is class, not rac
2、e, and the place where it matters most is in the home. Conservatives have been banging on about family breakdown for decades. Now one of the nations most prominent liberal scholars has joined the chorus.Robert Putnam is a former dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government and the author of Bowling
3、 Alone(2000), an influential work that lamented the decline of social capital in America. In his new book, Our Kids, he describes the growing gulf between how the rich and the poor raise their children.Among the educated elite the traditional family is thriving: fewer than 10% of births to female co
4、llege graduates are outside marriagea figure that is barely higher than it was in 1970. In 2007 among women with just a high-school education, by contrast, 65% of births were non-marital. Race makes a difference: only 2% of births to white college graduates are out-of-wedlock, compared with 80% amon
5、g African-Americans with no more than a high-school education, but neither of these figures has changed much since the 1970s. However the non-marital birth proportion among the high-school-educated whites has quadrupled, to 50%, and the same figure for college-educated blacks has fallen by a third,
6、to 25%. Thus the class divide is growing even as the racial gap is shrinking.Upbringing affects opportunity. Upper-middle-class homes are not only richer (with two professional incomes) and more stable: they are also more nurturing. In the 1970s, there were practically no class differences in the am
7、ount of time that parents spent talking, reading and playing with toddlers. Now the children of college-educated parents receive 50% more of what Mr. Putnam calls “Goodnight Moon” time (after a popular book for infants).Working-class parents, who have less spare capacity, are more likely to demand t
8、hat their kids simply obey them. In the short run this saves time, in the long run it prevents the kids from learning to organize their own lives or think for themselves. Poor parenting is thus a barrier to social mobility, and is becoming more so as the world grows more complex and the rewards for
9、superior cognitive skills increase.Stunningly, Mr. Putnam finds that family background is a better predictor of whether or not a child will graduate from university than 8th grade test scores. Kids in the richest quarter with low test scores are as like to make it through college as kids in the poor
10、est quarter with high scores.Mr. Putnam suggests a grab-bag of policies to help poor kids reach their potential such as raising subsidies for poor families, teaching them better parenting skills, improving nursery care and making after-school baseball clubs free. He urges all 50 states to experiment
11、 to find out what works. A problem this complex has no simple solution.1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Mr. Putnams new book?2.“Goodnight Moon” time (Line 5, Para. 4) refers to the time of（ ）.3.We can infer that working-class parents（ ）.4.What does Mr. Putnams finding about t
12、est scores suggest?5.In the passage, the author mainly discusses（ ）.问题1选项A.Marital birth rate almost keeps unchanged among college graduates.B.Non-marital births have been decreasing among high-school graduates.C.African-Americans have given birth to more non-marital children.D.More high-school-educ
13、ated whites have children before marriage.问题2选项A.providing opportunity for kidsB.giving more nourishment to kidsC.being involved in the education of kidsD.reading popular books to infants问题3选项A.tend to be more strict with childB.forbid kids to think independentlyC.overlook changes of the societyD.ne
14、ed training for education问题4选项A.Students from rich families dont need to study hard.B.Parental education affects kids academic results greatly.C.Kids in poor families can hardly graduate from colleges.D.Family background can make up for academic flaws.问题5选项A.how parents should bring up their childre
15、nB.how family background influences schoolingC.what the greatest barrier to social mobility isD.various classes educate kids differently【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由第三段“Among the educated elite the traditional family is thriving: fewer than 10% of births to female college graduates are outside marriagea figure that is barely higher than it was in 1970. 在受过良好教育的精英阶层中，传统家庭正在蓬勃发展:女性大学毕业生的非婚生育比例不到10%这一数字仅比1970年高了一点点。”可推知大学毕业生结婚后生育率几乎没有太大变化。故A项正确。B项“在高中毕业群体中，非婚生子女一直在减少”，文章只是在第三段第四句中提到高中教育程度的白人生育非婚生子女的情况增加了，故排除；C项“非裔美国人非婚生子女更多”，作者主要从不同教育阶层比较非婚生子女的比例，并没有整体比较白人和非裔美国人的非婚生子
