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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题For much of the world, the death of Richard Nixon was the end of a complex public life. But researchers who study bereavement wondered if it didnt also signify the end of a private grief. Had the former president merely run his fourscore and one, or had he f
2、allen victim to a pattern that seems to afflict longtime married couples; one spouse quickly following the other to the grave?Pat, Nixons wife of 53, died last June after a long illness. No one knows for sure whether her death contributed to his. After all, he was elderly and had a history of seriou
3、s heart disease. Researchers have long observed that the death of the spouse particularly a wife is sometimes followed by the untimely death of the grieving survivor. Historian Will Durant died 13 days after his wife and collaborator, Ariel; Buckminster Fuller and his wife died just 36 hours apart.
4、Is this more than coincidence?“Part of the story, I suspect, is that we men are so used to ladies feeling us and taking care of us,” says Knul Helsing, an epidemiologist at the John Hopkins School of Public Health, “that when we lose a wife we go to pieces. We dont know how to take care of ourselves
5、.” In one of the several studies Helsing has conducted on bereavement, he found that widowers who remarried enjoyed the same lower mortality rates as men whod never been widowed.Womens health and resilience may also suffer after the loss of a spouse. In a 1987 study of widows, researchers from the U
6、niversity of California, Los Angeles, and UC, San Diego, found that they had a dramatic decline in levels of important immune-system cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies showed reduced immunity in widowers.For both men and women, the stress of losing a spouse can have a profound effect. “Al
7、l sorts of potentially harmful medical problems can be worsened,” says Gerald Davision, professor of psychology at the University of Southern California. People with high blood pressure, for example, may see it rise. In Nixons case, Davision speculates, “the stroke, although not caused directly by t
8、he stress, was probably hastened by it.” Depression can affect the surviving spouses will to live; suicide rates are elevated in the bereaved, along with accidents not involving cars.Involvement in life helps prolong it. “Mortality,” says Duke University psychiatrist Daniel Blazer, “is higher in old
9、er people without a good social-support system, who dont feel theyre part of a group or a family, that they fit in somewhere. And thats more common problem for men, who tend not to have as many close friendship as women.” “The sudden absence of routines can also be a health hazard,” says Blazer. “A
10、person who loses a spouse shows deterioration in normal habits like sleeping and eating,” he says. “They dont have the other person to orient them, like when do you go to bed, when do you wake up, when do you eat, when do you take your medication, when do you go out to take a walk? Your pattern is n
11、o longer locked into someone elses pattern, so it deteriorates.” While earlier studies suggested that the first six months to a year-or even first weekwere times of higher mortality for the bereaved, some newer studies find no special vulnerability in this initial period. Most men and women, of cour
12、se do not as a result of the loss of a spouse. And there are ways to improve the odds. A strong sense of separate identity and lack of over-dependency during the marriage are helpful. Adult sons and daughters, siblings and friends need to pay special attention to a newly widowed parent. They can mak
13、e sure that he or she is socializing, getting proper nutrition and medical care, expressing emotion and above all, feeling needed and appreciated.6. It is known from the passage that Richard Nixon died at the age of _.7. According to researchers who study bereavement, Richard Nixons death might be _
14、.8. In his research on bereavement, Helsing found that _.9. According to the passage a spouses death can lead the surviving one to _.10. It is suggested in the passage that widowers or widows suffer from the death of their spouses because they are _.问题1选项A.73B.81C.77D.65问题2选项A.caused by his heart di
15、seaseB.indirectly linked to his wifes deathC.the inevitable result of old ageD.caused by an unexplainable accident问题3选项A.remarried men live healthier livesB.unmarried men have the longest life expectanciesC.remarried widowers do not have higher mortality rates than those who have never been widowedD
16、.widows were unaffected by their spouses death问题4选项A.lose his or her friendsB.diminish social activitiesC.be vulnerable to illnessD.reject his or her childrens care问题5选项A.unprepared for independence during the marriageB.incapable of taking care of themselves during the marriageC.unwilling to socialize with others during t
