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1、2022年高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材课文要点Module1LifeintheFuture夯基提能作业外研版必修.阅读理解阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Hollywoods theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may bee extremely good at ac
2、hieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite su
3、re that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced b
4、y humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone
5、who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should
6、 concentrate the minds of puter scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that
7、 is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed
8、out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teamsyet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of th
9、at possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist
10、 Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A.run out of human controlB.satisfy humans real desiresCmand armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated
11、 with living things partly because they might be able to.A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A.help super
12、intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human inter
13、ference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(xx陕西南郑中学模拟)Life can be so difficult these days. It is the time that you all should admit needing help in organizing your lives. Here are some tips that will help you.Write everyth
14、ing down and do not rely on your memory. 1If you want to remember things,put them in writing, or in a digital notebook.Keeping your to-do lists and other information written somewhere allows you to look back at them anytime, ever when you have hit your head and forgotten your own name.2Try this expe
15、riment before buying one thing; throw out something old or something you do not use. Or,if you are a really pack rat, just throw out one old thing a day until you cannot find any more items to throw.Recycle and donate. Is your closet full of unopened bags and clothes that still have their tags on? I
16、s your bookshelf full of unread books? Chances are that if you have not read, worn, or used whatever they are, then you are probably not going to use them at all.3Create daily, weekly and monthly timetables for cleaning. Organize your cleaning timetable.4Distribute tasks evenly, so for example, dish washing could be done daily; vacuuming could be done weekly and cleaning the windows could be
