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1、2022-2023年考博英语-北京航空航天大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Mr. Smith became very（ ）when it was suggested that he had made a mistake.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant【答案】D【解析】D选项indignant意为“愤慨的”。句意：当被指出犯了错误的时候，史密斯先生变得非常（ ），应选D。A选项ingenious聪明的；B选项empirical经验主义的；C选项objective客观的；D选项indignant愤慨的。D选项indigna
2、nt符合句意。2. 单选题A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA ( deoxyribo-nucleic acid) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of wh
3、ich gene are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the fa- ther of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations tha
4、t DNA fingerprint- ing has potentially powerful and controversial uses.DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal invest
5、igations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report pu
6、blished in December 1991 by population genet- icists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass. , and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued th
7、at the current method cannot properly de- termine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods
8、 are adequate.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn. , argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In Jan
9、uary 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests an- nounced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict stan
10、dards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.1.Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects（ ）.2.DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when（ ）.3.To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method（ ） .4.The attitude of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shows that（） .5.Nation
11、al Academy of Sciences holds the stance that（ ） .问题1选项A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigationsB.would have to submit evidence for their innocenceC.could easily escape conviction of guiltD.could be convicted of guilt as well问题2选项A.the methods used for blood-cell calculation
12、 are not accurateB.two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pat-ternC.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individualsD.two different individuals leave two DNA samples问题3选项A.is not so convincing as to exclud
13、e the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individualsB.is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA patternC.is not based on adequate scientific theory of geneticsD.is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying问题4选项
14、A.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual membersB.enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples from the same person can matchC.enough data are yet to be collected from
15、 various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming from the same personD.additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person问题5选项A.DNA testing should be systematizedB.only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testingC.the academy only is authorized to work out standards for testingD.the academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.此句考查定语从句，空格处应填入关系代词，而先行词是zoologists，因此，正确答案为“who”，C选项正确。2.句意为：牛津大学的动
