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1、木虱是造成马铃薯“斑马片”病的罪魁祸首美国科学家发现：木虱是造成马铃薯斑马片”病的罪魁祸首美国农业部网10月26日消息，美国农业研究局研究发现，像蝉 一样的昆虫木虱是造成马铃薯“斑马片（ZC）”的罪魁祸首。斑马片 （ZC）是指马铃薯块茎上出现的一种黑色斑纹。这种斑马片病爆发 于2004-2006年的墨西哥，造成了美国德克萨斯州种植者数百万美元 的损失。研究者们目前通过监测木虱，并喷撒喷雾剂来预防斑马片病。 在德克萨斯州的麦卡伦，马铃薯损失已经从2006年的几百英亩降低 到今年的50英亩。（国际情报研究室译）【原文】Researchers Build Case Against Insect as
2、 Zebra Chip CulpritBy Jan SuszkiwOctober 26, 2007Tiny, cicadalike insects called psyllids are the prime suspects inAgricultural Research Service (ARS) investigations into the zebra chip disorder of potatoes.Zebra chip (ZC) refers to dark, unsightly stripes that appear inside afflicted tubers, especi
3、ally when cut and fried to make chips.The disorder was first reported in Mexican potato fields in 1994 and in U.S. spuds in 2000 near Pearsall, Texas, and the Texas side of the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Outbreaks from 2004 to 2006 in Mexico, Texas and other U.S. states cost growers and processors on
4、both sides of the border millions of dollars in losses.The cause of ZC isnt known yet, but Jim Crosslin and Joseph Munyanezas studies show a strong correlation to feeding by the psyllid species Bactericera cockerelli.Crosslin, a plant pathologist in the ARS Vegetable and Forage Crops Research Unit,
5、Prosser, Wash., and Munyaneza, an entomologist in the ARS Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, Wash., consider B. cockerelli an insect of interest for several reasons: Potato plants are favorite hosts; its nymph stage injects toxins that cause psyllid yellows disease, whose symptoms rese
6、mble ZCs; it was prevalent in ZC-infested fields Munyaneza surveyed in south Texas in 2004; and it winters in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and migrates north in the spring.In experiments, the researchers used two groups of potato plantsone with psyllids and one without. In greenhouse trials with psyl
7、lid-exposed plants, ZC symptoms appeared in nearly 26 percent of tubers and 60 percent of fried chips. In field trials, the percentages were 15 and 57 percent, respectively. Psyllid-free plants showed no symptoms.Using genetic fingerprinting methods, the researchers also checked the plants for phyto
8、plasmas that cause potato purple-top wilt syndrome (PPTWS), whose symptoms resemble ZC. The tests were negative, however, suggesting ZC wasnt associated with PPTWS or leafhoppers that transmit PPTWS.Crosslin notes that monitoring psyllids and targeting them with sprays appears to be an effective prevention method. Indeed, a McAllen, Texas, associate told of reducing potato losses from several hundred acres in 2006 to 50 this year.
