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1、2022-2023年考博英语-湖南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题His work shed provocative yet necessary light on an important way to slow the spread of this virus.问题1选项A.provisionalB.seductiveC.disturbingD.insulting【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 他的工作就是着手放缓这种病毒的传播。provisional:临时的,暂定的。seductive:诱人的，有魅力的。disturbing：干扰的，令人不安的,骚扰的(与画线词provoca
2、tive:挑衅的，煽动的，意思相近)。 insulting:侮辱的，无礼的。2. 翻译题In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world.This conceit takes two forms. One is the Coca-colonization thesis. Its proponents cl
3、aim that Western, and more specifically American, popular culture is enveloping the world: American food, clothing, pop music, movies, and consumer goods are more and more enthusiastically embraced by people on every continent. The other has to do with modernization. It claims not only that the West
4、 has led the world to modern society, but that as people in other civilizations modernize they also westernize, abandoning their traditional values, institutions, and customs and adopting those that prevail in the West. Both theses project the image of an emerging homogeneous, universally Western wo
5、rldand both are to varying degrees misguided, arrogant, false, and dangerous. Advocates of the Coca-colonization thesis identify culture with the consumption of material goods. The heart of a culture, however, involves language, religion, values， traditions，and customs. Drinking Coca-Cola does not m
6、ake Russians think like Americans any more than eating sushi makes Americans think like Japanese. Throughout human history, fads and material goods have spread from one society to another without significantly altering the basic culture of the recipient society. Enthusiasms for various items of Chin
7、ese, Hindu, and other cultures have periodically swept the Western world, with no discernible lasting spillover. The argument that the spread of pop culture and consumer goods around the world represents the triumph of Western civilization depreciates the strength of other cultures while trivializin
8、g Western culture by identifying it with fatty foods, faded pants, and fi drinks. The essence of Western culture is the Magna Carta, not the Magna Mac.The modernization argument is intellectually more serious than the Coca-colonization thesis, but equally flawed.The tremendous expansion of scientifi
9、c and engineering knowledge that occurred in the nineteenth century allowed humans to control and shape their environment in unprecedented ways. Modernization involves industrialization; urbanization; increasing levels of literacy，education，wealth, and social mobilization; and more complex and diver
10、se occupational structures. It is a revolutionary process comparable to the shift from primitive to civilized societies that began in the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates, the Nile, and the Indus about 5000 B.C.The attitudes, values, knowledge，and culture of people in a modern society differ grea
11、tly from those in a traditional society. As the first civilization to modernize, the West is the first to have fiilly acquired the culture of modernity. As other societies take on similar patterns of education, work, wealth, and class structure, the modernization argument runs, this Western culture
12、will become the universal culture of the world.【答案】近年来，西方国家的人大肆鼓吹这样的观点，西方的文化就是而且应 该是世界的文化，他们以此聊以自慰并使旁人深感不安。这一自负的观点包含两个形式。 其中一种主题就是所谓可乐殖民主义理论。它的拥护者声称，西方的，更具体的说是美 国的流行文化涵盖了整个世界：美国的食物、衣服、流行音乐、电影院和消费品，越来 越受到其他大洲人民的热情拥抱。另一种看法与现代化的概念有关。它的主张是：西方不仅作为世界进入现代化社会的引领者，而且在那些被现代化了的文明中的人民，他们 也被西方化了，他们放弃了自己的传统价值观、社会
13、制度、习俗，并将这些融入到流行 的西方文化中。然而，文化的核心，还包含着语言、宗教、价值观、传统的和习俗。 俄罗斯人喝可口可乐并不意味着他们会像美国人一样思考，同样的，美国人吃寿司也并 不会让他们像日本人一样思考问题。总揽整个人类历史，时尚和商品从一个社会传播到 另外一个社会，但接收这些东西的社会的文化根基，并没有出现值得注意的变化。发生在19世纪的科学工程技术的惊人发展，使得人们以史无前例的方 式控制和塑造他们的生存环境。现代化包含工业化、城市化、不断增长的识字率、教育、 财富和社会结构的变化；以及更复杂、更多样的职业结构。这种变革过程可以与发生在 公元前5000年前，在两河流域（底格里斯河
14、、幼发拉底河）、尼罗河、印度河发生的从 原始社会到文明社会的变革相媲美。现代社会中人们的世界观、价值观、知识和文化与那些传统社会的人们有很大不同。作为第一个现代化了的文明社会，西方也是第一个完全进行了文化现代化的社会。3. 翻译题“培根-Of Study (论读书)”Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateers and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, i
15、s in the judgment and disposition of business. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some book are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Reading
16、makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; pets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to
