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1、PR4101 Research and the ProfessionalEmma KirbyHanham High School, BristolJune 2006 Introduction3What is the nature of the research you have chosen?3What are the aims and purposes of the research?3In what context was the research conducted?3Is the research question clear? How valid or worthwhile do y
2、ou think it is?4What criteria could be used to evaluate the research?4Assumptions5What explicit assumptions has the researcher made about his/her epistemological and ontological paradigm?5What assumptions are implicit?5How do these affect the nature of the research?6Methodology6What methodological d
3、ecisions have been made? Is a rationale offered for these decisions?6Data Collection8How was the data collected?8What issues are related to this?8How does the data collection relate to the aims of the research?9Are there any gaps in the data collection?10Data analysis10How was the data analysed?10Ho
4、w was it presented?10Are there any alternative analyses or explanations of the data?10Other issues10What ethical questions were addressed by the researcher (if any)?10What researcher effects were discussed and were potentially of concern?11Conclusions12How would you evaluate the research overall?12H
5、ow would you evaluate the way the research has been written up?12Has your critique and evaluation of your chosen article informed your understanding of research and / or your own approach to research in the future discuss what you have learnt from engaging in this process.12References14IntroductionW
6、hat is the nature of the research you have chosen?A small-scale research project which took place in Bristol, England between April 2002 and May 2003 although it purports to be of national and international interest. The project focused on the transition of Modern Foreign Language (MFL) learners fro
7、m Key Stage 2 (KS2) to Key Stage 3 (KS3) from the perspectives of pupils, teachers, Heads of MFL departments and head teachers. It was carried out by 3 colleagues at the Graduate School of Education at the University of Bristol. What are the aims and purposes of the research?The aim of the research
8、is to investigate some of the problems that arise during the transition of pupils studying languages from KS2 to KS3 in 6 schools in Bristol. It also aims to explore and suggest some strategies to overcome such problems. The purposes or objectives of the research are:v To identify the issues that le
9、arners, teachers and managers in the focus schools consider important in relation to transition. v To research the impact the identified issues on childrens enjoyment and achievement of language learning at KS3.v To establish the strategies that schools have in place to minimise the possible negativ
10、e impacts that the identified issues. In what context was the research conducted?On the 25th March 1999, the Department for Education and Employment launched an initiative to promote and develop the provision and quality of MFL teaching and learning in primary schools. This was followed by the publi
11、cation of the National Languages Strategy on 18th December 2002, which states that by September 2009 there should be “an entitlement to language learning for pupils at KS2” (DfEE, 2002). This research was carried out at a time when primary and secondary schools were beginning to look at formalising
12、the teaching that was happening in many primary schools. Many secondary schools, including my own, were beginning to become more concerned about the issues that surround the transition of learners to KS3. Is the research question clear? How valid or worthwhile do you think it is?Cohen, Manion and Mo
13、rrison (2000) explain that internal validity “seeks to demonstrate that the explanation of a particular event, issue or set of data which a piece of research provides can actually be sustained by the data” (page 107). Cohen, Manion and Morrison (2000) go on to describe external validity as “the degr
14、ee to which the results can be generalised to the wider population, cases or situations”.Ensuring validity is imperative at every stage of a piece of research if “the researcher is to be able to have confidence in the elements of the research plan, data acquisition, data processing, analysis, interp
15、retation and its ensuing judgement” (Cohen, Manion and Morrison, 2000, page 115) What criteria could be used to evaluate the research?As a teacher and a linguist I would use the following criteria to evaluate the research:v Is the research relevant to me and my situation?v Do the recommendations come from the data collected?v Are the recommendations realistic?As a researcher with several years of experience:v Does the research draw on recent data?v Has the research been validated?v Have the researchers used an appropriate methodology and appropriate methods of data collection?This is dif
